Murphy, Frank

Murphy, Frank
orig. William Francis Murphy

born April 13, 1890, Harbor Beach, Mich., U.S.
died July 19, 1949, Detroit, Mich.

U.S. Supreme Court justice (1940–49).

After serving in World War I, he held several elective posts, including mayor of Detroit (1930–33). He was governor-general (1933–35) and U.S. high commissioner (1935–36) of the Philippines. Elected governor of Michigan (1937–38), he refused to use troops to break sit-down strikes by automobile workers. As U.S. attorney general (1939–40), he established the Justice Department's civil rights unit. Appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States by Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt, he strongly defended civil rights and dissented in a case upholding the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Frank Murphy

By courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

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▪ United States jurist
original name  William Francis Murphy  
born April 13, 1890, Harbor Beach, Mich., U.S.
died July 19, 1949, Detroit, Mich.
 associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1940 until his death, noted for his militant defense of individual liberties and civil rights and for his insistence on doing substantial justice irrespective of legal technicalities.

      Murphy studied at the University of Michigan (LL.B., 1914) and, after serving in the war, held several elective posts in the 1920s. As mayor of Detroit (1930–33), he gained national prominence for his efforts to aid the unemployed. Appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, he served as governor-general (1933–35) and U.S. high commissioner (1935–36) in the Philippines, where he supported the independence movement. As governor of Michigan (1937–38), he earned the admiration of organized labour and the hatred of some industrialists (who brought about his defeat for reelection) by refusing to employ troops to break sit-down strikes by automobile workers. While serving as U.S. attorney general (1939–40), he established the Civil Rights Unit (now Division) of the Department of Justice.

      Perhaps Murphy's most notable judicial opinion was his dissent in Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), in which he denounced as “legalization of racism” the government's wartime internment of Japanese-American residents of the West Coast. His dissent in Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949), in which the court held that illegally seized criminal evidence was admissible in state (though not in federal) courts, was vindicated when a later court overruled the Wolf decision (Mapp v. Ohio, 1961).

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  • Murphy, Frank — orig. William Francis Murphy (13 abr. 1890, Harbor Beach, Mich., EE.UU.–19 jul. 1949, Detroit, Mich.). Juez de la Corte Suprema de EE.UU. (1940–49). Después de prestar servicios en la primera guerra mundial, ocupó varios cargos públicos por… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Murphy, Frank (Francis) William — (1890 1949)    Born in Harbor Beach, Michigan, Frank Murphy was a graduate of the University of Michigan in 1912 and the University of Michigan Law School in1914. He served in the army in France during World War I and after the war was appointed… …   Historical Dictionary of the Roosevelt–Truman Era

  • Frank — Frank, Karl Hermann Frank, Leonhard Frank, ll´ja Michailovič * * * (as used in expressions) Baum, L(yman) Frank Buckley, William F(rank), Jr. Burnet, Sir (Frank) Macfarlane Capra, Frank Chapman, Frank Michler Frank James Cooper …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Murphy — Murphy, William Parry * * * (as used in expressions) Murphy, Audie (Leon) Murphy, Frank William Francis Murphy …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Frank Michler Chapman — (* 12. Juni 1864 im heutigen West Englewood, Bezirk Teaneck, New Jersey; † 15. November 1945 in New York City) war ein amerikanischer Ornithologe, Autor und Bankier.[1] Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Eh …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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  • Murphy — /merr fee/, n. 1. Frank, 1890 1949, U.S. statesman and jurist: associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court 1940 49. 2. Isaac, 1861 96, U.S. thoroughbred racehorse jockey. 3. William Parry /par ee/, born 1892, U.S. physician: Nobel prize for… …   Universalium

  • frank — frank1 frankable, adj. franker, n. /frangk/, adj., franker, frankest, n., v. adj. 1. direct and unreserved in speech; straightforward; sincere: Her criticism of my work was frank but absolutely fair. 2. without inhibition or subterfuge; direct;… …   Universalium

  • Frank — /frangk/, n. 1. a member of a group of ancient Germanic peoples dwelling in the regions of the Rhine, one division of whom, the Salians, conquered Gaul about A.D. 500, founded an extensive kingdom, and gave origin to the name France. 2. (in the… …   Universalium

  • murphy — /merr fee/, n., pl. murphies, v., murphied, murphying. Slang. n. 1. an Irish or white potato. 2. any of various confidence games in which a victim is left with a sealed envelope supposedly containing money, but which contains only newspaper or… …   Universalium

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