Mazowiecki, Tadeusz

Mazowiecki, Tadeusz
born April 18, 1927, Płock, Pol.

Polish politician.

After studying law, he cofounded and edited the independent Catholic monthly Wiȩź (1958–81). A principal adviser to the Solidarity labour movement, he was appointed its newspaper editor (1981) by Lech Wałesa. After the 1989 national elections, he was appointed prime minister of a coalition government of Solidarity and communist members. He undertook radical economic reforms to develop a free-market economy, which helped stabilize Poland's consumer-goods market and increased exports but caused high unemployment. He lost his bid for president in 1990 and was replaced as prime minister in 1991.

* * *

▪ prime minister of Poland
born April 18, 1927, Płock, Pol.

      Polish journalist and Solidarity official who in 1989 became the first non-communist premier of an eastern European country since the late 1940s.

      After graduating in law from the University of Warsaw, Mazowiecki entered journalism and became prominent among Poland's liberal young Roman Catholic intellectuals in the mid-1950s. In 1958 Mazowiecki cofounded the independent Catholic monthly journal Więź (“Link”), which he edited until 1981. From 1961 to 1971 he was a member of the Sejm, Poland's legislative assembly. In the 1970s he forged links with the Workers' Defense Committee, which protected anticommunist labour activists in Poland from government persecution.

      When strikes in the Lenin shipyard in Gdańsk sparked the birth of the Solidarity labour movement there in August 1980, Mazowiecki became one of the principal advisers to the strikers and helped mobilize Polish intellectuals in support of them. In 1981 Solidarity's leader, Lech Wałęsa (Wałęsa, Lech), appointed Mazowiecki the first editor of Tygodnik Solidarność (“Solidarity Weekly”), the new Solidarity newspaper. His ties to Wałęsa only deepened during the government's suppression of the Solidarity movement from 1981 to 1988.

      In early 1989 Mazowiecki served as the mediator in talks between the government and Solidarity that resulted in Solidarity's legalization and the holding of the freest national elections in Poland since 1947. Solidarity's stunning victory in those elections in June prompted Poland's communist president, General Wojciech Jaruzelski, to appoint Mazowiecki as prime minister on the advice of Wałęsa. On August 24 Mazowiecki became prime minister of a coalition government of Solidarity and communist members, as well as those of minor parties.

      As prime minister, Mazowiecki undertook radical reforms aimed at moving Poland in the direction of a free-market economy. His government greatly reduced price controls, subsidies, and centralized planning while simultaneously privatizing businesses, creating a stable convertible currency, and restraining wage increases in order to reduce inflation. Through these means Mazowiecki was successful at stabilizing Poland's consumer-goods market, increasing exports, and restoring the government's finances, but only at the cost of sharply rising unemployment and a fall in real wages. Popular discontent with these negative effects became apparent in the presidential elections held in December 1990 to choose a successor to Jaruzelski: Mazowiecki finished third in a race won by Wałęsa. Just prior to the 1990 elections, he served as founder and first chairman of the Democratic Union (now Freedom Union); he left the party in 2002. In 2005 he helped found the Democratic Party (Partia Demokratyczna [PD]; not to be confused with Poland's other Democratic Party, Stronnictwo Demokratyczne [SD], founded in 1939). From 1992 to 1995 Mazowiecki represented the former Yugoslavia as a special reporter to the United Nations Human Rights Commission.

Additional Reading
Leslie T. Holmes and Wojciech Roszkowski, Changing Rules: Polish Political and Economic Transformation in Comparative Perspectives (1997).

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Mazowiecki, Tadeusz — (n. 18 abr. 1927, Plock, Polonia). Político polaco. Después de estudiar derecho, cofundó y editó la revista mensual católica independiente Wie¸z (1958–81). Principal asesor del movimiento sindical Solidaridad, fue nombrado su editor periodístico… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Tadeusz Mazowiecki — Tadeusz Mazowiecki, 1989 Tadeusz Ma …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Tadeusz Mazowiecki — Primer Ministro de Polonia …   Wikipedia Español

  • Tadeusz Mazowiecki — Tadeusz Mazowiecki, en novembre 1989 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Mazowiecki — ist der Name folgender Personen: Tadeusz Mazowiecki (* 1927), polnischer Politiker und Schriftsteller Konrad I Mazowiecki († 1247), als Konrad I. Herzog von Polen Mazowiecki ist zudem Namensbestandteil folgender Städte in Polen: Grodzisk… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Mazowiecki — is an adjective meaning of Masovia in Polish. It is translated into English as Masovian. People with that surname: Tadeusz Mazowiecki Polish politician, Prime Minister of Poland (1989–1991) Related places: Grodzisk Mazowiecki Mińsk Mazowiecki… …   Wikipedia

  • Tadeusz Baird — (* 26. Juli 1928 in Grodzisk Mazowiecki; † 2. September 1981 in Warschau) war ein polnischer Komponist. Inhaltsverzeichnis …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Tadeusz Buk — Tadeusz Jan Buk (* 15. Dezember 1960 in Mójcza in der Stadt Landgemeinde Daleszyce in der Woiwodschaft Heiligkreuz; † 10. April 2010 in Smolensk, Russland[1]) war ein polnischer Generalmajor. Seit Se …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Tadeusz Baird — (July 26, 1928, Grodzisk Mazowiecki September 2, 1981, Warsaw) was a Polish composer. He was born in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, to Scottish immigrant parents. He studied composition, piano and musicology in Warsaw with, among others, Kazimierz… …   Wikipedia

  • Mazowiecki —   [mazɔ vjɛtski], Tadeusz, polnischer Politiker, * Płock 18. 4. 1927; 1961 71 Abgeordneter des Sejm (als Mitglied der katholisch orientierten Fraktion der »Znak«); hielt in den 70er Jahren als einer der Lektoren der »fliegenden Universität« der… …   Universal-Lexikon

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”