Hamilton, Emma, Lady

orig. Amy Lyon

born с 1761, Great Neston, Cheshire, Eng.

died Jan. 15, 1815, Calais, France

English social figure, mistress of Horatio Nelson.

In 1786 she became the mistress, and in 1791 the wife, of Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), British envoy to Naples. A beautiful woman whose portrait was frequently painted by George Romney, she was a favourite in Neapolitan society. She became Nelson's mistress in 1798 and gave birth to their daughter, Horatia, in 1801, then lived with Nelson after her husband's death (1803). She later squandered the money both men left her, was imprisoned for debt (1813–14), and died in poverty.

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▪ British mistress

original name  Amy Lyon  

born c. 1761, , Great Neston, Cheshire, Eng.

died Jan. 15, 1815, Calais, France

      mistress of the British naval hero Admiral Horatio (afterward Viscount) Nelson. (Nelson, Horatio Nelson, Viscount)

      The daughter of a blacksmith, she was calling herself Emily Hart when, in 1781, she began to live with Charles Francis Greville, nephew of her future husband, Sir William Hamilton (Hamilton, Sir William), British envoy to the Kingdom of Naples. In 1786 Greville sent her to Naples to be his uncle's mistress in return for Hamilton's payment of Greville's debts. On Sept. 6, 1791, she and Hamilton were married.

      A beautiful woman whose portrait was frequently painted by George Romney, Lady Emma Hamilton was already a great favourite in Neapolitan society and was the diplomatic intermediary between her husband and her close friend Queen Maria Carolina of Naples. It was said that Lady Hamilton facilitated Nelson's victory over the French in the Battle of the Nile (Aug. 1, 1798) by securing Neapolitan permission for his fleet to obtain stores and water in Sicily.

      Lady Hamilton and Nelson, who had met in 1793, became lovers after his Nile triumph. In 1800, when the British government recalled Hamilton, Nelson returned with him and his wife to England, where she flaunted her control over the admiral. They had two daughters, one of whom survived infancy. After her husband's death (April 6, 1803) she lived with Nelson at Merton, Surrey. Although she inherited money from both men (Nelson was killed at the Battle of Trafalgar, Oct. 21, 1805), she squandered most of it, was imprisoned for debt (1813–14), and died in impecunious exile.

Additional Reading

Colin Simpson, Emma (1983); and Flora Fraser, Beloved Emma (1986; also published as Emma, Lady Hamilton, 1987), are sympathetic treatments.

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