- Glendower, Owen
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Welsh Owain Glyndwrborn с 1354died 1416Self-proclaimed prince of Wales who led an unsuccessful rebellion against England.Educated in England, he returned to Wales and touched off an uprising against Henry IV (under whom he had previously fought) in northern Wales in 1400. He was soon in control of most of Wales and had set up a Welsh Parliament. In 1403 his alliance with English nobles was crushed at Shrewsbury, and a later French alliance also failed; his strongholds at Aberystwyth and Harlech fell to the future Henry V in 1408–09. Glendower nonetheless remained active as a guerrilla warrior as late as 1412. His rebellions were the last major Welsh attempts to throw off English rule.
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▪ Welsh heroWelsh Owain Glyndwr, or Owain Ap Gruffuddborn c. 1354died c. 1416self-proclaimed prince of Wales whose unsuccessful rebellion against England was the last major Welsh attempt to throw off English rule. He became a national hero upon the resurgence of Welsh nationalism in the 19th and 20th centuries.A descendant of the princes of Powys, Glendower inherited several manors in northern Wales. He studied law in London and then served with the forces of Henry Bolingbroke, an opponent of King Richard II and afterward King Henry IV. When he returned to Wales, he found that England's oppressive rule had crippled the Welsh economy and aroused popular resentment. In September 1400, a year after Bolingbroke usurped the throne, Glendower's violent feud with a neighbour, Reynold, Lord Grey of Ruthin, touched off an uprising in northern Wales. The insurgency quickly became a national struggle for Welsh independence. Glendower formed an alliance with Henry's most powerful opponents, and by 1404 he had control of most of Wales. Styling himself prince of Wales, he established an independent Welsh Parliament and began to formulate his own foreign and ecclesiastical policies. In 1405, however, the tide of battle turned against him. He was twice defeated by Henry IV's son, Prince Henry (later King Henry V), and his allies in England were crushed. Reinforcements sent by France could not save his cause. By 1408–09 Prince Henry had captured Glendower's main strongholds, but the rebel was active in guerrilla fighting as late as 1412.* * *
Universalium. 2010.
