Emin Pasha, Mehmed

Emin Pasha, Mehmed
orig. Eduard Schnitzer

born March 28, 1840, Oppeln, Silesia
died Oct. 23, 1892, Kanema, Congo Free State

German physician, explorer, and administrator in Egyptian Sudan.

Schnitzer adopted a Turkish name while serving as a medical officer and administrator in the Ottoman government. In 1876 he joined with British forces led by Gen. Charles George Gordon at Khartoum. In 1878 he was appointed governor of Equatoria province. During the Mahdist movement uprising, the Egyptian government abandoned the Sudan (1884), and the isolated Emin was rescued by Henry Morton Stanley in 1888. On an expedition to equatorial Africa, he was killed by Arab slave-traders. Through his scholarly papers and specimen collections, he contributed vastly to the knowledge of African geography, natural history, ethnology, and languages.

* * *

▪ German explorer
original name  Eduard Schnitzer  
born March 28, 1840, Oppeln, Silesia [now Opole, Pol.]
died Oct. 23, 1892, Kanema, Congo Free State [now Democratic Republic of the Congo]

      physician, explorer, and governor of the Equatorial province of Egyptian Sudan who contributed vastly to the knowledge of African geography, natural history, ethnology, and languages.

      In 1865 Schnitzer became a medical officer in the Turkish army and used his leisure to begin learning the Turkish, Arabic, and Persian languages. While serving the Ottoman governor of northern Albania (1870–74), he adopted a Turkish mode of living and a Turkish name. In 1876 he joined the British governor-general of the Sudan, Gen. Charles Gordon (Gordon, Charles George), as medical officer at Khartoum. In this post he was known as Emin Effendi and was called upon to tend to administrative duties and to carry out diplomatic missions to Uganda and elsewhere. In 1878 Gordon appointed him governor of Equatoria (in the southern Sudan), with the title of bey.

      Conducting his excellent and enlightened administration from Lado, Emin traveled throughout the province, made extensive and valuable surveys, and also brought an end to slavery in the region. In the course of the Mahdist uprising, though the Egyptian government abandoned the Sudan (1884), the isolated Emin, now elevated to the rank of pasha, felt secure and was initially reluctant to be rescued by the famed explorer Henry Morton Stanley (Stanley, Sir Henry Morton) in 1888. Possibly because of the arrival of Stanley with his forces, Emin had to contend with disaffection among his own troops. On April 10, 1889, he and Stanley, with some 1,500 others, left the region and crossed over to the eastern African coast, arriving at Bagamoyo (in present-day Tanzania) on Dec. 4, 1889.

      The German government then asked him to undertake an expedition to equatorial Africa to secure territories south of and along Lake Victoria (Victoria, Lake) to Lake Albert (Albert, Lake). Soon after the expedition started, however, an Anglo-German agreement was signed (July 1, 1890) excluding Lake Albert from German influence. After experiencing difficulties with German authorities in Tanganyika, he crossed into the Congo Free State (May 1891) and on his journey to the western African coast was murdered by Arab slave raiders, among whom he had many enemies.

      Though Emin Pasha published no books, he wrote many valuable papers on Africa for German journals and forwarded rich and varied collections of animals and plants to Europe.

Additional Reading
Alan Caillou, South from Khartoum (1974), is a biography. Olivia Manning, The Reluctant Rescue (1947, reprinted as The Remarkable Expedition, 1985); Stanhope White, Lost Empire on the Nile (1969); and Iain R. Smith, The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition, 1886–1890 (1972), chronicle Stanley's rescue of Emin.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Mehmed Emin Pasha — may refer to, Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha: 3 times Ottoman grand vizier of the 19th century, Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha: Ottoman grand vizier between 1750 1752, Yağlıkçızade Mehmed Emin Pasha: Ottoman grand vizier in 1768 1769, Emin Pasha: The… …   Wikipedia

  • Emin Pasha — Mehmed Emin Pasha (March 28, 1840 – October 23, 1892) he was born Isaak Eduard Schnitzer and baptized (c. 1847) Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer was a physician, naturalist, and governor of the Egyptian province of Equatoria on the upper Nile …   Wikipedia

  • Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha — Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Paşa ( Mehmed Emin Pasha the Cypriot )born 1813, died 1881, was an Ottoman statesman of Turkish Cypriot origin who served at the top post of grand vizier during three different times under the reign of the sultan Abdülmecid.… …   Wikipedia

  • pasha — pashadom, n. /pah sheuh, pash euh, peuh shah , shaw /, n. a title, placed after the name, formerly held by high officials in countries under Turkish rule. Also, pacha. [1640 50; < Turk pasa; see BASHAW] * * * (as used in expressions) Emin Pasha… …   Universalium

  • Mehmed — (as used in expressions) Emin Pasha Mehmed Fuzuli Mehmed bin Süleyman Mehmed II Mehmed the Conqueror * * * …   Universalium

  • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha — (1780 1859) was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice under Mahmud II Adlî (r. 1808 1839) and three times under Abd ul Mejid I (Abdülmecit) (r.1839 1861) during the Tanzimat period of reform. According to Shaw and Shaw, Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha… …   Wikipedia

  • Mehmed Said Efendi — in Paris in 1742. Joseph Aved, Musée de Versailles …   Wikipedia

  • Mehmed Ferid Pasha — (Turkish: Avlonyalı Ferid Paşa or Avlonyalı Mehmed Ferid Paşa 1851, Yanya (Ioannina) 1914, Sanremo) was an Ottoman statesman. He was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 15 January, 1903 until 22 July, 1908. He spoke Arabic, French, Italian… …   Wikipedia

  • Mehmed Fuad Pasha — (1814 – 1869) was an Ottoman statesman known for his leadership during the Crimean War and in the Tanzimat reforms within the Ottoman Empire. He was also a noted Freemason.[citation needed] Career Fuad Pasha was a “Europeanized” man who was… …   Wikipedia

  • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha — Mehmed Rushdi Pasha. Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (Turkish: Mehmed Rüşdi Paşa or Mütercim Rüşdi Paşa , 1811, Ayancik 1882, Manisa) was an Ottoman statesman. He was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during five terms: During Abdülmecit s reign: 24th… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”