Chinese examination system
- Chinese examination system
-
In China, system of competitive examinations for recruiting officials that linked state and society and dominated education from the
Song dynasty (960–1279) onward, though its roots date to the imperial university established in the
Han dynasty (206 BC–AD 220).
Candidates faced fierce competition in a series of exams dealing primarily with Confucian texts and conducted on the prefectural, provincial, and national levels. Despite a persistent tendency to emphasize rote learning over original thinking and form over substance, the exams managed to produce an elite grounded in a common body of teachings and to lend credibility to claims of meritocracy. Too inflexible to be capable of modernization, the system was finally abolished in 1905. See also
Five Classics;
Four Books.
* * *
Universalium.
2010.
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