Williamsburg

Williamsburg
/wil"yeuhmz berrg'/, n.
a city in SE Virginia: colonial capital of Virginia; now restored to its original pre-Revolutionary style. 9870.

* * *

City (pop., 2000: 11,998), southeastern Virginia, U.S. Located on a tidewater peninsula between the James and York rivers, it was settled in 1633 as Middle Plantation and served as a refuge from Indian attacks.

The College of William and Mary was founded there in 1693. After the burning of nearby Jamestown in 1699, it became the capital of Virginia until 1780, when the capital was moved to Richmond. During the American Civil War, Confederate forces were defeated at the Battle of Williamsburg in 1862. Colonial Williamsburg, an extensive restoration of several hundred colonial buildings, was begun in 1926 and became part of the Colonial National Historical Park in 1936.

* * *

 historic city, seat (1654) of James City county (though administratively independent of it), southeastern Virginia, U.S., on a tidewater peninsula, between the James (James River) and York rivers, 27 miles (43 km) northwest of Newport News. First settled by the English in 1633 as Middle Plantation, it originally stood within a 6-mile (10-km) stockade and served as a refuge from attacks by Powhatan Indians. The College of William and Mary (William and Mary, College of), second oldest school of higher education (after Harvard University) in the United States, was founded there in 1693. In 1699, after the burning of nearby Jamestown (Jamestown Colony), the city became the capital of Virginia and was renamed to honour King William III.

      Williamsburg subsequently became the political, social, and cultural centre of the colony. It was home to Virginia's first theatre (1716), first successful printing press (1730), first newspaper (1736), and first paper mill (1744). In the Capitol, Patrick Henry (Henry, Patrick) presented his historic speech against the Stamp Act (1765), and on May 15, 1776, the Virginia Convention passed resolutions urging the Continental Congress to declare American independence from Britain. Williamsburg declined in importance after the state government was moved to Richmond in 1780. During the American Civil War, Confederate forces were defeated at the Battle of Williamsburg (May 5, 1862), and the city remained in Union hands until the end of the war.

      Colonial Williamsburg, a restoration of a large section of the early colonial area, was begun in 1926, when the Reverend William A.R. Goodwin, rector of the city's Bruton Parish Church (1710–15; restored 1905–07), originated the idea and convinced industrialist and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (Rockefeller, John D., Jr.), to sponsor the project. Since then, the historic area has been expanded and is now about a mile (2 km) long and a half mile (1 km) wide; more than 500 buildings have been restored or reconstructed. The exhibition buildings—which include the Capitol, Governor's Palace and Gardens, Public Gaol, and Raleigh Tavern—are furnished as they were in the 18th century, and the entire area is landscaped as it was in colonial times. Hostesses, craftsmen, militiamen, and attendants costumed in the style of the period give a flavour of living history. Part of the city is included in Colonial National Historical Park. Nearby are Carter's Grove settlement (c. 1619) and the Winthrop Rockefeller Archaeology Museum.

      Williamsburg's economy depends mainly on services to Eastern State Hospital (founded there in 1773), the College of William and Mary, and tourism. Inc. city, 1722. Pop. (1990) 11,530; (2000) 11,998.

      county, eastern South Carolina, U.S. It is bordered to the south by the Santee River (Santee-Wateree-Catawba river system), and the Great Pee Dee River (Pee Dee River) touches the northeastern extremity; the county is also drained by the Black River. Williamsburg county is an agricultural region in the Coastal Plain, with swamps along its rivers. Much of the land is covered in pine and lowland hardwood forests.

      The Santee Indians, a small Siouan-speaking tribe, lived in the region in the 17th century. The first inland European settlement in the state, Kingstree, appeared in 1732; it became the county seat. Irish Calvinist settlers established Williamsburg township in the 1730s, naming it for King William III of England. Indigo plantations along the Black River made Williamsburg one of the most prosperous colonial townships. It was the scene of skirmishes during the U.S. War of Independence (American Revolution). Williamsburg county was formed in 1804.

      Tobacco is the chief product; county farms also produce hogs, soybeans, cotton, and grains. Lumbering and light industry (rubber and plastic products and clothing) contribute to the economy. Area 934 square miles (2,419 square km). Pop. (2000) 37,217; (2007 est.) 35,447.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Williamsburg — Williamsburg, NM U.S. village in New Mexico Population (2000): 527 Housing Units (2000): 345 Land area (2000): 0.480764 sq. miles (1.245173 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.480764 sq. miles… …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

  • Williamsburg — is the name of several places in the United States of America: *Williamsburg, Colorado *Williamsburg, Florida *Williamsburg, Indiana *Williamsburg, Iowa *Williamsburg, Kansas *Williamsburg, Kentucky *Williamsburg, Maryland *Williamsburg,… …   Wikipedia

  • Williamsburg — es el nombre de numerosos lugares de Estados Unidos: Williamsburg (Colorado) Williamsburg (Florida) Williamsburg (Iowa) Williamsburg (Kansas) Williamsburg (Kentucky) Williamsburg (Maryland) Williamsburg (Massachusetts) Williamsburg (Míchigan)… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Williamsburg — ist der Name einiger Orte in den USA: Williamsburg (Florida) Williamsburg (Indiana), heute Nineveh (Indiana) Williamsburg (Iowa) Williamsburg (Kansas) Williamsburg (Kentucky) Williamsburg (Massachusetts) Williamsburg (Michigan) Williamsburg (New… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Williamsburg —   [ wɪljəmzbəːg], Stadt in Virginia, USA, auf einer Halbinsel zwischen den Ästuaren von James River und York River, 11 500 Einwohner; College of William and Mary in Virginia; Fremdenverkehr.   Stadtbild:   Um 1930 wurde ein Teil der Stadt von… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Williamsburg, CO — U.S. town in Colorado Population (2000): 714 Housing Units (2000): 250 Land area (2000): 4.053556 sq. miles (10.498662 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 4.053556 sq. miles (10.498662 sq. km) FIPS… …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

  • Williamsburg, FL — U.S. Census Designated Place in Florida Population (2000): 6736 Housing Units (2000): 3492 Land area (2000): 3.679998 sq. miles (9.531151 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.066251 sq. miles (0.171589 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.746249 sq. miles… …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

  • Williamsburg, IA — U.S. city in Iowa Population (2000): 2622 Housing Units (2000): 1112 Land area (2000): 3.146269 sq. miles (8.148798 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.008300 sq. miles (0.021498 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.154569 sq. miles (8.170296 sq. km) FIPS code …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

  • Williamsburg, KS — U.S. city in Kansas Population (2000): 351 Housing Units (2000): 161 Land area (2000): 0.338790 sq. miles (0.877463 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.338790 sq. miles (0.877463 sq. km) FIPS code …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

  • Williamsburg, KY — U.S. city in Kentucky Population (2000): 5143 Housing Units (2000): 2118 Land area (2000): 4.664946 sq. miles (12.082155 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.101065 sq. miles (0.261758 sq. km) Total area (2000): 4.766011 sq. miles (12.343913 sq. km) FIPS …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

  • Williamsburg, NM — U.S. village in New Mexico Population (2000): 527 Housing Units (2000): 345 Land area (2000): 0.480764 sq. miles (1.245173 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.480764 sq. miles (1.245173 sq. km)… …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”