welfare

/wel"fair'/, n.

1. the good fortune, health, happiness, prosperity, etc., of a person, group, or organization; well-being: to look after a child's welfare; the physical or moral welfare of society.

2. See welfare work.

3. financial or other assistance to an individual or family from a city, state, or national government: Thousands of jobless people in this city would starve if it weren't for welfare.

4. (cap.) Informal. a governmental agency that provides funds and aid to people in need, esp. those unable to work.

5. on welfare, receiving financial aid from the government or from a private organization because of hardship and need.

[1275-1325; ME, from phrase wel fare. See WELL¹, FARE]

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I

or social welfare

Any of a variety of governmental programs that provide assistance to those in need.

Programs include pensions, disability and unemployment insurance, family allowances, survivor benefits, and national health insurance. The earliest modern welfare laws were enacted in Germany in the 1880s (see social insurance), and by the 1920s and '30s most Western countries had adopted similar programs. Most industrialized countries require firms to insure workers for disability (see workers' compensation) so that they have income if they are injured, whether temporarily or permanently. For disability from illness unrelated to occupational injury, most industrial states pay a short-term benefit followed by a long-term pension. Many countries pay a family allowance to reduce the poverty of large families or to increase the birth rate. Survivor benefits, provided for widows below pension age who are left with a dependent child, vary considerably among nations and generally cease if the woman remarries. Among the world's wealthy countries, only the U.S. fails to provide national health insurance other than for the aged and the poor (see Medicare and Medicaid).

II

(as used in expressions)

social welfare

Welfare Party

Welfare Island

welfare economics

welfare state

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