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/tweed/, n.1. a coarse wool cloth in a variety of weaves and colors, either hand-spun and handwoven in Scotland or reproduced, often by machine, elsewhere.2. tweeds, garments made of this cloth.3. a paper having a rough surface, used esp. for certain photographic prints.[1835-45; appar. back formation from Scots tweedling twilling (now obs.) < ?]
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IMedium-to heavy weight fabric, rough in surface texture, produced in a great variety of colour and weave effects (see weaving).Most tweeds are made entirely of wool, but an increasing number are blends of wool with cotton, rayon, or other synthetic fibres. Most are woven from dyed yarns, but some are dyed after being woven. Technical advances in dyeing raw stock, yarns, and fabrics, together with new techniques in finishing, have resulted in a wide variety of durable cloths.II(as used in expressions)Tweed William MarcyBoss Tweed* * *
▪ fabricany of several fabrics of medium-to-heavy weight, rough in surface texture, and produced in a great variety of colour and weave effects largely determined by the place of manufacture. The descriptions “Scottish,” “Welsh,” “Cheviot,” “Saxony,” “Harris,” “Yorkshire,” “Donegal,” and “West of England,” for example, cover an extremely wide range of woolen and mixture cloths. Most tweeds are made entirely of wool; but an increasing number consist of blends of wool and cotton, wool and rayon, or wool and man-made fibres, each of which imparts a special property.The word tweed was not derived from the River Tweed, although the cloth was manufactured in the Tweed Valley. Tweed is usually made by a variation of the basic twill weave, and the old Scottish name for twill was tweel. The name tweed is attributed to a mistake on the part of a London clerk who in 1826, when drafting an order or invoice for tweels, accidentally wrote tweeds, a name that quickly established itself.The wide range of modified twill weaves in use includes herringbones, diamonds, chevrons, cross twills, and checks, along with an even more extensive variety of stripe, marl, fleck, and mingled heather effects in many tones and hues. The counts of the yarns and the twist and colours employed vary greatly, as do the ends and picks in warp and weft, or filling. Most tweeds are colour woven from dyed yarns, but some are piece-dyed. Technical advances in dyeing raw stock, yarns, and fabrics, together with new techniques in finishing, have resulted in a wide variety of stable and hard-wearing apparel cloths made in different weights.* * *
Universalium. 2010.