tracery

tracery
/tray"seuh ree/, n., pl. traceries.
1. ornamental work consisting of ramified ribs, bars, or the like, as in the upper part of a Gothic window, in panels, screens, etc.
2. any delicate, interlacing work of lines, threads, etc., as in carving or embroidery; network.
[1425-75; late ME; see TRACE1, -ERY]

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In architecture, bars or ribs used decoratively in windows, especially the ornamental openwork in Gothic windows.

In the earliest phase, two or three narrow, arched windows were placed close together under a single large arch, with the section of wall between the small and large arches pierced by a circular or four-lobed opening. The complexity of this plate tracery increased, reaching a climax in the magnificent windows of Chartres Cathedral. After с 1220 windows began to be subdivided by mullions, or upright bars, that continued at the head of the window to branch and form the patterns of bar tracery. Elaborate bar tracery soon became one of the most important elements of Gothic architecture and one of its finest achievements, as in the rose windows of the French Rayonnant style. The bar tracery of the parallel English Decorated style formed netlike patterns based on the circle, arch, trefoil, and quatrefoil. By the late 14th century, the Perpendicular style replaced curvilinear tracery with straight mullions extending to the top of the main arch, connected at intervals by horizontal bars.

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 in architecture, bars, or ribs, used decoratively in windows or other openings; the term also applies to similar forms used in relief as wall decoration (sometimes called blind tracery), and hence, figuratively, to any intricate line pattern. The term is applicable to the system of window decoration developed in Europe during the Gothic period as well as to the pierced marble screens common in Mughal India and the pierced cement windows of Persia, Turkey, and Egypt.

      European tracery probably originated in Byzantine work, in which pierced marble screens and groups of two or three narrow, arched windows were placed close together under a single, large arch. After the Romanesque period, during which the tympanum (section of wall between the tops of the smaller arches and the great arch over the whole group) was pierced for decorative effect, tracery flourished. In plate tracery, found in early French and English Gothic work, the tympanum is pierced with a single circular or four-lobed opening. Later, the number and complexity of the piercings was increased, adding size and beauty to the entire unit. The climax of plate tracery appears in the magnificent windows of Chartres cathedral (12th century) and in the rose window at Lincoln cathedral (c. 1225), known as the Dean's eye.

      After 1220 English designers began to conceive of the tympanum as a series of openings separated only by thin, stone, upright bars (bar tracery). In France a developed type of bar tracery with cusped circles (having pointed bars of stone projecting in toward the centre of the circle) was executed in the apse chapels of Reims cathedral (prior to 1230). From about 1240 on, bar tracery became common, and it quickly exhibited increased lightness and complexity.

      In contrast to earlier tracery, which had moldings of only one size, French Rayonnant tracery used two molding types, differing according to the size of the mullions, or ribs. Notable examples of French Rayonnant tracery can be seen in rose windows such as those of Notre-Dame de Paris (c. 1270).

      By the late 14th century in England, the Perpendicular style, which was based on a striving for verticality, replaced the flowing lines of curvilinear tracery with mullions that were straight and unbroken from bottom to top. At intervals they were connected by horizontal bars running across the windows. The climax of the Perpendicular style in tracery was reached in windows such as those of King's College Chapel at Cambridge (1446–1515).

      Twentieth-century tracery introduced modern materials, which are freely combined with more traditional forms, and new tracery techniques were devised, such as precast cement tiles pierced in geometric patterns, glazed, and built up into large windows, as in Notre-Dame at Le Raincy, France (1922–23), by Auguste Perret.

      In Islamic architecture (Islamic arts), tracery was generally constructed by filling the window area with a pierced sheet of cement and inserting pieces of coloured glass into the openings, a technique that yielded windows of jewel-like intensity and brilliance. Typical designs consisted of floral and leaf shapes that were arranged to give a sense of flow and growth. Fine examples are the jewelled windows in the 17th-century Mosque of Süleyman, in Istanbul. In the great Mughal palaces and tombs, large, pointed arch openings are filled with sheets of white marble pierced in elaborate patterns. The most delicate example of this tracery is the sarcophagi screen in the 17th-century Taj Mahal, at Agra, India.

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Tracery — Tra cer/y, n.; pl. {Traceries} (Arch.) 1. Ornamental work with rambled lines. Especially: (a) The decorative head of a Gothic window. [1913 Webster] Note: Window tracery is of two sorts, plate tracery and bar tracery. Plate tracery, common in… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Tracery — is a series of intersecting ribs used in Gothic architecture, especially windows and, in the Perpendicular Gothic style, vaulting. Tracery is the stonework used to support the glass in a stained glass window. When used in windows, it is usually… …   Wikipedia

  • tracery — (n.) mid 15c., a place for drawing, formed in English from TRACE (Cf. trace) (v.) + ERY (Cf. ery). Architectural sense, in reference to intersecting rib work in the upper part of a gothic window, is attested from 1660s. Introduced by Wren, who… …   Etymology dictionary

  • tracery — ► NOUN (pl. traceries) 1) Architecture ornamental stone openwork. 2) a delicate branching pattern. DERIVATIVES traceried adjective …   English terms dictionary

  • tracery — [trās′ər ē] n. pl. traceries [< TRACE1 + ERY] ornamental work of interlacing or branching lines, as in a Gothic window, some kinds of embroidery, etc …   English World dictionary

  • Tracery —    Gothic ornamental stonework carved to form geometric patterns, most commonly trefoils and quatrefoils. In the earliest examples of Gothic architecture, tracery was confined mainly to the upper parts of pointed windows. In later Gothic… …   Dictionary of Renaissance art

  • Tracery — the ornamental intersecting stonework in the upper part of a window, screen or panel Stone openwork pattern in head of Gothic window, screen, etc. (Wood, Margaret. The English Medieval House, 415) Related terms: Tracery, Plate, Tracery, Bar …   Medieval glossary

  • tracery — UK [ˈtreɪsərɪ] / US noun [countable/uncountable] Word forms tracery : singular tracery plural traceries a) a pattern of curving lines in the stone above a church window b) a pattern made by narrow lines or objects crossing each other …   English dictionary

  • tracery — noun (plural eries) Date: 1669 1. architectural ornamental work with branching lines; especially decorative openwork in the head of a Gothic window 2. a decorative interlacing of lines suggestive of Gothic tracery • traceried adjective …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • tracery — trac|e|ry [ˈtreısəri] n plural traceries [U and C] 1.) technical the curving and crossing lines of stone in the upper parts of some church windows 2.) literary an attractive pattern of lines that cross each other ▪ the delicate tracery of the… …   Dictionary of contemporary English

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