talion

talion
/tal"ee euhn/, n.
[1375-1425; < L talion- (s. of talio) exaction of compensation in kind; r. late ME talioun < AF < L, as above]

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▪ law

      principle developed in early Babylonian law and present in both biblical and early Roman (Roman law) law that criminals should receive as punishment precisely those injuries and damages they had inflicted upon their victims. Many early societies applied this “eye-for-an-eye (eye for an eye)” principle literally.

      In ancient Palestine, injury and bodily mutilation, as well as theft, were considered private wrongs. As such, the matter was settled not by the state but between the person who inflicted the injury and the one injured, an attitude that also prevailed in early Rome. Talion was the ultimate satisfaction a plaintiff might demand but was not mandatory; the injured person could obtain satisfaction with money if he wished.

      On the principle that two different persons could not have exactly the same bodily members, the Palestinian sages enacted a law by which the injured party could not demand an eye from the person who caused the loss of his eye but could demand the value of his eye. This led to the abolition of talion in Palestine. By the 5th century BC in Rome, fines known as delicts (delict) had begun to replace talion in many instances, though the concept of talion did reemerge in medieval Germany and in some areas of Scandinavia in the 17th and 18th centuries.

      Until the end of the 18th century, talion provided the rationale for such corporal punishments (corporal punishment) as flogging, branding, mutilation, the stock, and the pillory. The principle still serves as a partial basis for punishments or the assessment of fines against minor offenders in some legal systems where customary law is recognized.

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • TALION — TALI Système répressif qui consiste à punir l’offense d’une peine identique à cette offense (talion vient du latin talis , tel). On l’exprime souvent par la formule du Lévitique (XXIV, 20): «Œil pour œil, dent pour dent.» Cette stricte… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • talion — TALIÓN s.n. Pedeapsă sau răzbunare (specifică orânduirii sclavagiste) care constă în tratarea vinovatului în acelaşi chip în care a procedat şi el cu victima lui. ♢ Legea talionului = lege penală la unele popoare din vechime, prin care se aplică… …   Dicționar Român

  • TALION — TALION, a concept of punishment whereby the prescribed penalty is identical with, or equivalent to, the offense. Identical (or true ) talions are death for homicide ( Whosoever sheddeth man s blood, by man shall his blood be shed : Gen. 9:6),… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • talion — TALION. s. m. Punition pareille à l offense. La loy du talion ordonne qu on fasse souffrir au coupable le mesme mal qu il a fait, que l on creve un oeil à celuy qui a crevé un oeil à un autre, que le meurtrier soit puni de mort, que le faux… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française

  • talión — sustantivo masculino 1. Se usa en la locución locución. Pena o castigo en el que alguien recibe el mismo daño que ha causado antes: La ley del talión se resume en la frase ojo por ojo y diente por diente …   Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española

  • talión — (De lat. talĭo, ōnis). 1. m. Pena que consiste en hacer sufrir al delincuente un daño igual al que causó. 2. ant. Compensación del efecto de algo con el efecto opuesto de otra cosa. ☛ V. pena del talión …   Diccionario de la lengua española

  • talion — [tal′ē ən] n. [ME talioun < MFr talion < L talio (gen. talionis) < talis, such: see THAT] punishment that exacts a penalty corresponding in kind to the crime …   English World dictionary

  • Talion — Ta li*on, n. [F., fr. L. talio, perh. fr. talis such. Cf. {Retaliation}.] Retaliation. [R.] Holinshed. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Talion — (v. lat. Talio), die Vergeltung einer Übelthat durch Zufügung derselben Übelthat an den ersten Thäter. Der Gedanke, daß die Verübung einer solchen That das Recht gebe Gleiches mit Gleichem zu vergelten (Jus talionis), u. daß die Strafe für… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Taliōn — (lat.), Vergeltung einer Handlung durch eine gleiche; daher Jus talionis, das Recht der Wiedervergeltung; Poena talionis, die Strafe der Vergeltung, die in den ältern germanischen Rechten sowie bei den Griechen und Römern üblich war. Im weitern… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Talion — Taliōn (lat.), Vergeltung. Poena taliōnis, die Strafe, welche in der Verhängung eines mit dem Verbrechen gleichartigen Übels besteht …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

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