HenryIV

I. Henry IV¹, 1050-1106.

Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany (1056-1106) who continually struggled for power with Pope Gregory VII. Twice excommunicated, Henry appointed an antipope (1084), had himself again crowned emperor, invaded Italy, and was ultimately dethroned by his rebellious sons.

  II. Henry IV², Known as “Henry Bolingbroke.” 1366?-1413.

King of England (1399-1413). Son of John of Gaunt and grandson of Edward III, he was banished from England by Richard II, who confiscated his estate. Henry returned, raised an army, and compelled Richard to abdicate. Parliament confirmed Henry's claim to the throne, thus establishing the Lancastrian line.

  III. Henry IV³, Known as “Henry of Navarre.” 1553-1610.

King of France (1589-1610) who founded the Bourbon royal line, successfully waged war against Spain (1595-1598), and gave political rights to French Protestants in the Edict of Nantes (1598).

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