spruce

spruce¹

/sproohs/, n.

1. any evergreen, coniferous tree of the genus Picea, of the pine family, having short, angular, needle-shaped leaves attached singly around twigs and bearing hanging cones with persistent scales.

2. any of various allied trees, as the Douglas fir and the hemlock spruce.

3. the wood of any such tree.

adj.

4. made from the wood of a spruce tree or trees.

5. containing or abounding in spruce trees.

[1350-1400; ME, special use of Spruce, sandhi var. of Pruce < OF Pruce < ML Prussia PRUSSIA, whence the timber came]

spruce²

—sprucely, adv. —spruceness, n.

/sproohs/, adj., sprucer, sprucest, v., spruced, sprucing.

adj.

1. trim in dress or appearance; neat; smart; dapper.

v.t.

2. to make spruce or smart (often fol. by up): Spruce up the children before the company comes.

v.i.

3. to make oneself spruce (usually fol. by up).

[1580-90; obs. spruce jerkin orig., jerkin made of spruce leather, i.e., leather imported from Prussia (see SPRUCE¹), hence fine, smart, etc.]

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Any of about 40 species of evergreen ornamental and timber trees that make up the genus Picea (pine family), native to temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

These pyramid-shaped trees have whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. The needlelike, spirally arranged leaves connect to their stems via a peglike woody base, which remains on the twig when the leaf falls. Tough, finely grained, resonant, and pliable, spruce wood is used for sounding boards in pianos and bodies of violins, as well as in construction, for boats and barrels, and as pulpwood. Common species throughout most of northern North America are black spruce (P. mariana), a source of spruce gum, and white spruce (P. glauca), a source of good timber. Blue, or Colorado spruce (P. pungens) is used as an ornamental because of its bluish leaves and symmetrical growth habit.

Black spruce (Picea mariana)

Grant Heilman

EB Inc.

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▪ plant

 any of about 40 species of evergreen ornamental and timber trees constituting the genus Picea of the conifer family Pinaceae, native to the temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are pyramidal trees with whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. Each of the linear, spirally arranged leaves is jointed near the stem on a separate woody base. The base remains as a peglike projection on the twig when the leaf falls. The hanging, persistent-scaled cones are egg-shaped or cylindrical. Resonant spruce wood is used for sounding boards in pianos and the bodies of violins, as well as in construction and for boats and barrels and as pulpwood.

      Black spruce (Picea mariana) and white spruce (P. glauca) are found throughout most of northern North America, from the Great Lakes to the Arctic tree line. Both are used for pulp; white spruce produces good lumber, and black spruce is the source of spruce gum. White spruce usually is 18 to 21 metres (about 60 to 70 feet) tall. A drought-tolerant cultivar, Picea glauca ‘Black Hills,' is useful in landscaping and in windbreaks. The cones of black spruce are purple, those of white spruce brown. Engelmann spruce (P. engelmannii) of western North America is an important timber source. The blue spruce, or Colorado spruce (P. pungens), has a similar range and is used as an ornamental because of its bluish leaves and symmetrical growth habit.

      The Norway spruce (P. abies), an important timber and ornamental tree native to northern Europe, is used in reforestation both there and in North America.

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