- Hokkaido
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a large island in N Japan. 5,660,000; 30,303 sq. mi. (78,485 sq. km). Formerly, Yezo.
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Island (pop., 2000 prelim.: 5,683,000) and province, northern Japan.Northernmost of the four main islands of Japan, it is bordered by the Sea of Japan (East Sea), the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Pacific Ocean and has an area of 30,107 sq mi (77,978 sq km). Its administrative headquarters is Sapporo. Within its borders are several high mountains, including Asahi (7,513 ft [2,290 m]), and Japan's longest river, the Ishikari. Long the domain of the aboriginal Ainu, Hokkaido attracted serious Japanese settlement beginning in 1869. It has a varied economy, supported by iron and steel, and the largest coal deposits in Japan. The Seikan Tunnel (1988) under the Tsugaru Strait links it with Honshu.* * *
northernmost of the four main islands of Japan, bordered by the Sea of Japan (west), the Sea of Okhotsk (north), and the Pacific Ocean (east and south). The island of Hokkaido has an area of 30,107 square miles (77,978 square km). Together with a few small adjacent islands, it constitutes a dō (province) with an area of 32,247 square miles (83,520 square km), making up 21 percent of Japan's land area. Hokkaido is characterized by a cool climate and recently formed mountains and volcanoes. It was long the domain of the aboriginal Ainu peoples. Serious Japanese settlement of the island began in 1869, when the territory, which was then called Yezo dō (province), was renamed Hokkaido (“North Sea Province”).Sapporo (q.v.) is the administrative headquarters and an industrial, commercial, and tourist centre. Hokkaido University, founded in 1876, is located there. Other important towns are the ports of Hakodate, Otaru, and Muroran.The economic development of Hokkaido includes iron, steel, wood-pulp, dairy, and fishing industries. Rice, soy and kidney beans, oats, barley, hay, and white potatoes are important crops. The island contains the largest coal deposits in Japan. Construction of the Seikan Tunnel, which was dug under the Tsugaru Strait in order to link Hokkaido with the main Japanese island of Honshu, was begun in 1964 and was completed in 1988. The tunnel carries a rail line between Hakodate on Hokkaido and Aomori on Honshu. Pop. (1992 est.) 5,659,000.* * *
Universalium. 2010.
