diamagnetism

diamagnetism
diamagnetism [dī΄əmag′nə tiz΄əm]
n.
1. the property that certain substances have of being weakly repelled by both poles of a magnet
2. diamagnetic force
3. diamagnetic phenomena
4. the science that deals with such phenomena and substances

* * *

* * *

Kind of magnetism characteristic of materials that line up at right angles to a nonuniform magnetic field and that partly expel from their interior the magnetic field in which they are placed.

In most materials, the magnetic fields of the electrons balance each other and add up to zero. However, when placed in an external magnetic field, the interaction of this field with the electrons induces an internal field in the opposite direction. The substance can then be weakly repelled by magnetic poles. Examples of diamagnetic substances include bismuth, antimony, sodium chloride, gold, and mercury.

* * *

      kind of magnetism characteristic of materials that line up at right angles to a nonuniform magnetic field and that partly expel from their interior the magnetic field in which they are placed. First observed by S.J. Brugmans (1778) in bismuth and antimony, diamagnetism was named and studied by Michael Faraday (Faraday, Michael) (beginning in 1845). He and subsequent experimenters found that some elements and most compounds exhibit this “negative” magnetism. Indeed, all substances are diamagnetic: the strong external magnetic field speeds up or slows down the electrons orbiting in atoms in such a way as to oppose the action of the external field in accordance with Lenz's law.

      The diamagnetism of some materials, however, is masked either by a weak magnetic attraction ( paramagnetism) or a very strong attraction ( ferromagnetism). Diamagnetism is observable in substances with symmetric electronic structure (as ionic crystals and rare gases) and no permanent magnetic (magnetic susceptibility) moment. Diamagnetism is not affected by changes in temperature. For diamagnetic materials the value of the susceptibility (a measure of the relative amount of induced magnetism) is always negative and typically near negative one-millionth.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • diamagnetism — DIAMAGNETÍSM s.n. (fiz.) Proprietatea unui corp de a avea o magnetizare de sens contrar intensităţii câmpului magnetic care i se aplică. [pr.: di a ] – Din fr. diamagnétisme. Trimis de Anonim, 18.04.2008. Sursa: DEX 98  diamagnetísm s. n. (sil.… …   Dicționar Român

  • Diamagnetism — Di a*mag net*ism, n. 1. The science which treats of diamagnetic phenomena, and of the properties of diamagnetic bodies. [1913 Webster] 2. The magnetic action which characterizes diamagnetic substances, the magnetic moments of which tend to oppose …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • diamagnetism — [dī΄əmag′nə tiz΄əm] n. 1. the property that certain substances have of being weakly repelled by both poles of a magnet 2. diamagnetic force 3. diamagnetic phenomena 4. the science that deals with such phenomena and substances …   English World dictionary

  • Diamagnetism — Levitating pyrolytic carbon Diamagnetism is the property of an object which causes it to create a magnetic field in opposition to an externally applied magnetic field, thus causing a repulsive effect. Specifically, an external magnetic field… …   Wikipedia

  • diamagnetism — diamagnetizmas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Bet kurios medžiagos savybė išoriniame magnetiniame lauke įmagnetėti prieš lauko kryptį. atitikmenys: angl. diamagnetism rus. диамагнетизм …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • diamagnetism — diamagnetizmas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. diamagnetism vok. Diamagnetismus, m rus. диамагнетизм, m pranc. diamagnétisme, m …   Fizikos terminų žodynas

  • diamagnetism of conduction electrons — Landau diamagnetizmas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. diamagnetism of conduction electrons vok. Landauscher Diamagnetismus, m rus. Ландау диамагнетизм, m pranc. diamagnétisme de Landau, m …   Fizikos terminų žodynas

  • diamagnetism — noun see diamagnetic …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • diamagnetism — noun a weak form of magnetism that is only observed in the presence of an external magnetic field; due to an induced magnetic field in an opposite direction See Also: diamagnetic …   Wiktionary

  • diamagnetism — The property displayed by substances that have a very small negative magnetic susceptibility, given by molecules in which all electrons are paired; an unpaired electron yields a magnetic movement, hence the molecule containing such exhibits… …   Medical dictionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”