group theory

group theory
the branch of mathematics that deals with the structure of mathematical groups and mappings between them.
[1895-1900]

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In modern algebra, a system consisting of a set of elements and an operation for combining the elements, which together satisfy certain axioms.

These require that the group be closed under the operation (the combination of any two elements produces another element of the group), that it obey the associative law, that it contain an identity element (which, combined with any other element, leaves the latter unchanged), and that each element have an inverse (which combines with an element to produce the identity element). If the group also satisfies the commutative law, it is called a commutative, or abelian, group. The set of integers under addition, where the identity element is 0 and the inverse is the negative of a positive number or vice versa, is an abelian group. See also field theory.

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Universalium. 2010.

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