glucose

glucose
—glucosic, adj.
/glooh"kohs/, n. Biochem.
1. a sugar, C6H12O6, having several optically different forms, the common dextrorotatory form (dextroglucose, or d-glucose) occurring in many fruits, animal tissues and fluids, etc., and having a sweetness about one half that of ordinary sugar, and the rare levorotatory form (levoglucose, or l -glucose) not naturally occurring.
2. Also called starch syrup. a syrup containing dextrose, maltose, and dextrine, obtained by the incomplete hydrolysis of starch.
[1830-40; < F < Gk glyk(ýs) sweet + F -ose -OSE2]

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Organic compound, a simple sugar (monosaccharide), chemical formula C6H12O6.

The product of photosynthesis in plants, it is found in fruits and honey. As the major circulating free sugar in blood, it is the source of energy in cell function and a major participant in metabolism. Control of its level and metabolism is of great importance (see insulin). Glucose and fructose make up sucrose. Glucose units in long chains make up polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose, glycogen, starch). Glucose is used in foods, medicine, brewing, and wine making and as the source of various other organic chemicals.

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also called  dextrose,  
 one of a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars (monosaccharides). Glucose (from Greek glykys; “sweet”) has the molecular formula C6H12O6. It is found in fruits and honey and is the major free sugar circulating in the blood of higher animals. It is the source of energy in cell function, and the regulation of its metabolism is of great importance (see fermentation; gluconeogenesis). Molecules of starch, the major energy-reserve carbohydrate of plants, consist of thousands of glucose units, as do those of cellulose (q.v.). Also composed of glucose is glycogen (q.v.), the reserve carbohydrate in most vertebrate and invertebrate animal cells, as well as those of numerous fungi and protozoans. See also polysaccharide.

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Glucose — β D glucopyranose : représentations hexagonale et …   Wikipédia en Français

  • glucose — [ glykoz ] n. m. • 1838; de gluc(o) et 1. ose ♦ Biochim. Glucide à 6 atomes de carbone (C6H12O6) très répandu dans la nature (miel, raisin, amidon), qui représente la source énergétique essentielle de l organisme. ⇒ dextrose. Glucose du sang. ⇒… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Glucose — Glu cose , n. [Gr. ? sweet. Cf. {Glycerin}.] [1913 Webster] 1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Glucose — Glucose, Traubenzucker, Kohlenhydrat aus der Gruppe der ⇒ Monosaccharide; Aldohexose mit der Summenformel C6H12O6; kommt in der D Form in allen lebenden Zellen sowie in Früchten, Nektar, Honig, Samen, in Blut und Gewebsflüssigkeit der Tiere vor.… …   Deutsch wörterbuch der biologie

  • glucose — 1840, from Fr. glucose (1838), said to have been coined by Fr. professor Eugène Melchior Péligot (1811 1890) from Gk. gleukos must, sweet wine, related to glykys sweet, delightful, dear, from *glku , dissimilated in Greek from PIE *dlk u sweet… …   Etymology dictionary

  • glucose — glucose. См. виноградный сахар. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • Glucose — (fr., spr. Glükos), Krümel od. Fruchtzucker …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • glucose — s. f. Ver glicose …   Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

  • glucose — ► NOUN ▪ a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates. ORIGIN Greek gleukos sweet wine …   English terms dictionary

  • glucose — [glo͞o′kōs΄] n. [Fr < Gr gleúkos, sweet wine, sweetness, akin to glykys, sweet: see GLYCERIN] a crystalline monosaccharide occurring naturally in fruits, honey, and blood: the commercial form, also containing dextrin and maltose, is prepared… …   English World dictionary

  • Glucose — This article is about the naturally occurring D form of glucose. For the L form, see L Glucose. D glucose …   Wikipedia

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