gluconeogenesis

gluconeogenesis
gluconeogenic /glooh'koh nee'euh jen"ik/, gluconeogenetic /glooh'koh nee'oh jeuh net"ik/, adj.
/glooh'koh nee'euh jen"euh sis/, n. Biochem.
glucose formation in animals from a noncarbohydrate source, as from proteins or fats.
[1910-15; GLUCO- + NEO- + -GENESIS]

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also called  Glucogenesis,  

      formation in living cells of glucose and other carbohydrates from other classes of compounds. These compounds include lactate and pyruvate; the compounds of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the terminal stage in the oxidation of foodstuffs; and several amino acids.

      Gluconeogenesis occurs principally in the liver and kidneys; e.g., the synthesis of blood glucose from lactate in the liver is a particularly active process during recovery from intense muscular exertion. Although several of the reactions in the gluconeogenetic pathway are catalyzed by the same enzymes that catalyze the reverse sequence, glycolysis, two crucial steps are influenced by other enzymes. Because the process is controlled, among other things, by the balance among various hormones—particularly cortisol from the cortex of the adrenal glands and insulin from the pancreas—knowledge of the mechanisms of control is important in understanding such metabolic diseases as diabetes mellitus.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • gluconeogénesis — f. fisiol. Formación de glucosa y glucógeno a partir de compuestos orgánicos como aminoácidos, ácido pirúvico, intermediarios del ciclo de Krebs, etc. Se trata, en su mayor parte, de un proceso inverso a la glucólisis que se produce… …   Diccionario médico

  • Gluconeogenesis — Not to be confused with Glycogenesis or Glyceroneogenesis. Gluconeogenesis pathway with key molecules and enzymes. Many steps are the opposite of those found in the glycolysis. Gluconeogenesis (abbreviated GNG) is a metabolic pathway that… …   Wikipedia

  • Gluconeogénesis — Nombres en azul indican los sustratos de la vía, flechas en rojo las reacciones únicas de esta vía, flechas cortadas indican reacciones de la glucolisis, que van en contra de esta vía, flechas en negrita indican la dirección de la gluconeogénesis …   Wikipedia Español

  • gluconeogenesis — The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrates, such as protein or fat. SYN: glyconeogenesis (2). * * * glu·co·neo·gen·e·sis .glü kə .nē ə jen ə səs n, pl e·ses .sēz formation of glucose within the animal body from precursors other than… …   Medical dictionary

  • gluconeogenesis — n. the biochemical process in which glucose, an important source of energy, is synthesized from non carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids. Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver and kidney and meets the needs of the body for glucose when… …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • gluconeogenesis — The process of making glucose (sugar) from its own breakdown products or from the breakdown products of lipids (fats) or proteins. Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in cells of the liver or kidney …   English dictionary of cancer terms

  • gluconeogenesis — noun Etymology: New Latin Date: 1912 formation of glucose within the animal body especially by the liver from substances (as fats and proteins) other than carbohydrates …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • gluconeogenesis — (gloo ko ne o jen e sis) The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors such as lactate and amino acids …   Dictionary of microbiology

  • gluconeogenesis — Synthesis of glucose from non carbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. Takes place largely in liver, and serves to maintain blood glucose under conditions of starvation or intense exercise …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • gluconeogenesis — noun The metabolic process in which glucose is formed, mostly in the liver, from non carbohydrate precursors See Also: gluconeogenetic …   Wiktionary

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