Toda

Toda

Japan
      city, Saitama ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the alluvial plain of the Ara River. During the Tokugawa era (1603–1867) it was a post town and ferry station. The city is now linked to Tokyo city by bridge and has developed into an industrial suburb of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area. Toda Park contains the boat-racing course used in the Tokyo Olympic Games of 1964. Pop. (2005) 116,696.

      pastoral tribe of the Nīlgiri Hills of southern India. Numbering only about 800 in the early 1960s, they were rapidly increasing in population because of improved health facilities. The Toda language is Dravidian but is the most aberrant of that linguistic stock.

      The Toda live in settlements of from three to seven small thatched houses scattered over the pasture slopes; built on a wooden framework, the typical house has an arched roof in the shape of a half barrel. The Toda traditionally trade dairy products, as well as cane and bamboo articles, with the other Nīlgiri peoples, receiving Baḍaga grain and cloth and Kota tools and pottery in exchange. Kurumba jungle people play music for Toda funerals and supply various forest products.

      Toda religion centres on the all-important buffalo. Ritual must be performed for almost every dairy activity, from milking and giving the herds salt to churning butter and shifting pastures seasonally. There are ceremonies for the ordination of dairymen-priests, for rebuilding dairies, and for rethatching funerary temples. These rites and the complex funeral rituals are the major occasions of social intercourse, when intricate poetic songs alluding to the buffalo cult are composed and chanted.

      Polyandry is fairly common; several men, usually brothers, may share one wife. When a Toda woman becomes pregnant one of her husbands ceremonially presents her with a toy bow and arrow, thus proclaiming himself the social father of her children.

      Some Toda pasture land has come under recent cultivation by other peoples and much of it has been reforested. This threatens to undermine Toda culture by greatly diminishing the buffalo herds. A separate community of Toda (numbering 187 in 1960) converted to Christianity during the 20th century.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Toda — can refer to:People: *Hiroshi Toda, Japanese mathematician *Morikazu Toda, Japanese physicist *Keiko Toda, Japanese actress *Erika Toda, Japanese actress *Naho Toda, Japanese actress *Toda Seigen, swordsman *Toda Katsushige, daimyo *Toda Kazuaki …   Wikipedia

  • Toda — bezeichnet: Toda (Saitama), die Stadt in Japan Toda (Volk), das indigene Volk in Südindien Toda (Sprache), die Sprache der Toda Toda Gitter, Modell in der Festkörperphysik Toda ist der Familienname folgender Personen Toda Jōsei (1900–1958),… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • toda — |ô| pron. indef. 1. Flexão feminina de todo. 2. sabê la toda: ter artes e manhas para enganar a qualquer um ou ter resposta para tudo.   ‣ Etimologia: feminino de todo toda |ó| s. m. [Ornitologia] Pássaro fissirrostro. = TODEIRO   ‣ Etimologia:… …   Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

  • Toda — (Tuda, Tudavar), Drawidastamm in den Nilgiri um Utakamand herum, 1901 nur noch 807 Seelen, sind ausschließlich Hirten und zerfallen in fünf Kasten, die nicht untereinander heiraten. Die Frau wird gekauft und gehört den Brüdern einer Familie… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Toda — Toda, ein Drawidastamm in den Nilgiri in Südindien, Hirtenvolk mit Polyandrie …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • tóda — in toda vez. (ọ̑) 1. v protivnem priredju za izražanje a) nasprotja s prej povedanim: rekel je, da bo pomagal, toda obljube ni izpolnil; natočila mu je poln kozarec, toda sama ni pila; zunaj ni bilo mrzlo, toda v kleti nas je kljub temu zeblo /… …   Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika

  • Toda — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Le terme Toda peut désigner : Toda, une ville de la préfecture de Saitama, au Japon ; les TodasTodas, un peuple du sud de l’Inde ; le toda …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Toda — noun 1. a member of a pastoral people living in the Nilgiri Hills of southern India • Hypernyms: ↑Dravidian 2. the Dravidian language spoken by the Toda in southern India • Hypernyms: ↑South Dravidian …   Useful english dictionary

  • Toda Josei — Toda Jōsei, zweiter Präsident der Soka Gakkai Toda Jōsei (jap. 戸田 城聖) (* 11. Februar 1900 in der Präfektur Ishikawa, Japan; † 2. April 1958 in Tokio) war Pädagoge und Verleger. Er war Mitbegründer und z …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Toda Jōsei — Toda Jōsei, zweiter Präsident der Soka Gakkai Toda Jōsei (jap. 戸田 城聖) (* 11. Februar 1900 in der Präfektur Ishikawa, Japan; † 2. April 1958 in Tokio) war Pädagoge und Verleger. Er war Mitbegründer und zweiter Präs …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”