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121Greek arithmetic, geometry and harmonics: Thales to Plato — Ian Mueller INTRODUCTION: PROCLUS’ HISTORY OF GEOMETRY In a famous passage in Book VII of the Republic starting at Socrates proposes to inquire about the studies (mathēmata) needed to train the young people who will become leaders of the ideal… …
122ISTANBUL — ISTANBUL, city in N.W. turkey , on both sides of the Bosphorus at its entrance on the Sea of Marmara (for history prior to 1453, see constantinople ). Constantinople was taken from the Byzantine emperor in 1453 by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II… …
123ROME — ROME, capital of Italy. The Classical Period THE MIDDLE AND LATE REPUBLIC The earliest record of contact between Jews and the Roman Republic is the embassy sent by judah the Maccabee to Rome, headed by Eupolemos ben Joḥanan, and Jason ben Eleazar …
124Tang Dynasty — For the band, see Tang Dynasty (band). Tang 唐 ← …
125Typewriter — Mechanical desktop typewriters, such as this Underwood Five, were long time standards of government agencies, newsrooms, and offices …
126Textual criticism — Carmina Cantabrigiensia, Manuscript C, folio 436v, 11th century Textual criticism (or lower criticism) is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts.… …
127Gutenberg Bible — of the New York Public Library, bought by James Lenox in 1847. The first to come to the USA, national folklore has it that the officers at the New York Customs House removed their hats on seeing it. The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42 line… …
128History of American newspapers — The history of American newspapers goes back to the 17th century with the publication of the first colonial newspapers.Colonial period(This section is based on [http://www.bartleby.com/225/index.html#7 The Cambridge History of English and… …
