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81Government procurement in the United States — is based on many of the same principles as commercial contracting, but is subject to special laws and regulation as described below. Persons entering into commercial contracts are pretty much free to do anything that they can agree on. Each… …
82Sophists (The) — The sophists G. B. Kerferd In the fifth century BC the term sophistēs was used in Greece as a name to designate a particular profession, that of certain travelling teachers who went from city to city giving lectures and providing instruction in a …
83Averroes — Alfred Ivry Abū’l Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd (1126–98) needs to be known only as Averroes to be familiar to students of philosophy in the West. Greatly respected as a commentator on Aristotle’s writings, Averroes was also strongly… …
84Schopenhauer, Arthur — Arthur Schopenhauer Kathleen M.Higgins Despite a recent surge of philosophical interest, Arthur Schopenhauer remains one of the most underappreciated philosophers of modern times. He has arguably had a greater influence on subsequent philosophy… …
85BET DIN AND JUDGES — (Heb. בֵּית דִּין; lit. house of judgment ). Bet din (pl. battei din) is the term, in rabbinic sources, for a Jewish court of law. In modern times it usually refers to an ecclesiastical court dealing with religious matters such as divorce, and… …
86CODIFICATION OF LAW — This article is arranged according to the following outline: the concept and its prevalence in other legal systems in jewish law in the mishnah format and style of the mishnah the talmud and post talmudic halakhic literary forms variety of… …
87INQUISITION — INQUISITION, special permanent tribunal of the medieval Catholic Church, established to investigate and combat heresy. The Early Institution Although the Inquisition was established by Pope gregory ix , it owed its name to the procedure… …
88WAR OF INDEPENDENCE — (Heb. מִלְחֶמֶת הָעַצְמָאוּת Milḥemet ha Aẓma ut, or מִלְחֶמֶת הַקּוֹמְמִיּוֹּת Milḥemet ha Komemiyyut, or מִלְחֶמֶת הַשִּׁחְרוּר Milḥemet ha Shiḥrur (the War of Liberation), war waged by the Jews of Palestine for survival, freedom, and political …
89Roman censor — A Censor was a magistrate of high rank in the ancient Roman Republic. This position (called censura) was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government s finances.The censors… …
90Galla Placidia — Aelia Galla Placidia (392 – November 27, 450) was the Empress consort of Constantius III, Western Roman Emperor.FamilyPlacidia was the daughter of Roman Emperor Theodosius I and his second wife Galla. [… …
