Science+of+causes+or+first+principles
121Avicennism — (PerB|فلسفه سینایی) is a school of early Islamic philosophy which began during the middle of the Islamic Golden Age. The school was founded by Avicenna (Ibn Sina), an 11th century Persian philosopher who attempted to redefine the course of… …
122Cartesianism — See Cartesian. * * * Philosophical tradition derived from the philosophy of René Descartes. A form of rationalism, Cartesianism upholds a metaphysical dualism of two finite substances, mind and matter. The essence of mind is thinking; the essence …
123Sociology — • The claims of sociology to a place in the hierarchy of sciences are subjected to varied controversy. It has been held that there is no distinct problem for a science of sociology, no feature of human society not already provided for in the… …
124Список награждённых Национальной медалью науки США — Джошуа Ледерберг (справа) получает Национальную медаль науки из рук Президента США Джорджа Буша старшего Список …
125CANADA — CANADA, country in northern half of North America and a member of the British Commonwealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, its population of approximately 370,000 Jews made it the world s fourth largest Jewish community after the United… …
126Social Darwinism — is a term commonly used for theories of society that emerged in England and the United States in the 1870s, seeking to apply the principles of Darwinian evolution to sociology and politics.[1] It especially refers to notions of struggle for… …
127Jeremy Bentham — Full name Jeremy Bentham Born 15 February 1748(1748 02 15) London, England Died 6 June 1832 …
128Gaia hypothesis — The study of planetary habitability is partly based upon extrapolation from knowledge of the Earth s conditions, as the Earth is the only planet currently known to harbour life. The Gaia hypothesis, also known as Gaia theory or Gaia principle,… …
