chloramphenicol

chloramphenicol
/klawr'am fen"i kawl', -kol', klohr'-/, n. Pharm.
a colorless, crystalline, slightly water-soluble antibiotic, C11H12Cl2N2O5, obtained from cultures of Streptomyces venezuelae or synthesized: used chiefly in the treatment of infections caused by certain bacteria, by rickettsiae, and by certain viruses.
[1945-50; CHLOR-2 + AM(IDO)- + PHE(N)- + NI(TR)- + (GLY)COL]

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▪ drug
       antibiotic drug once commonly used in the treatment of infections caused by various bacteria, including those in the genera Rickettsia and Mycoplasma. Chloramphenicol was originally found as a product of the metabolism of the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae (order Actinomycetales) and is now synthesized chemically. It achieves its antibacterial effect by interfering with protein synthesis in these microorganisms. The drug is seldom used, because of its potential toxicity and the availability of safer drugs.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Chloramphenicol — Systematic (IUPAC) name …   Wikipedia

  • Chloramphenicol — Chloramphénicol Chloramphénicol Général …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Chloramphénicol — Général …   Wikipédia en Français

  • chloramphénicol — [ klɔrɑ̃fenikɔl ] n. m. • 1947; nom déposé, du rad. de chlore ♦ Chim. Antibiotique actif sur un grand nombre de bactéries (staphylocoques, streptocoques, bacilles de la typhoïde, de la coqueluche, du typhus exanthématique). ⇒ typhomycine. ●… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • chloramphenicol — chloramphenicol. См. хлоромицетин. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • chloramphenicol — [klôr΄am fen′i kôl΄, klôr΄am fen′ikōl΄] n. [ CHLOR(O) + AM(IDE) + PHE(N) + NI(TRO) + (GLY)COL] an antibiotic drug, C11H12Cl2N2O5, prepared synthetically or isolated from a bacillus ( Streptomyces venezuelae) …   English World dictionary

  • Chloramphenicol — Strukturformel Allgemeines Freiname Chloramphenicol Andere Name …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Chloramphenicol — Chlor|am|phe|ni|col [Kurzw. aus Chlor, Amid, Phenyl , Nitro u. Glykol], das; s: aus Streptomyceskulturfl. isoliertes, heute synthetisch hergestelltes Breitbandantibiotikum. * * * Chlor|amphenicol   [k ] das, s, internationaler Freiname für ein… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • chloramphenicol — n. an antibiotic, derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae and also produced synthetically, that is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms. However, due to its serious side effects, especially damage to the bone marrow, it… …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase — Ribbon diagram of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase trimer with chloramphenicol bound. From PDB 3CLA …   Wikipedia

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