Wingate, Orde Charles

▪ British military officer

born Feb. 26, 1903, Naini Tāl, India

died March 24, 1944, Burma [now Myanmar]

      British soldier, an outstanding “irregular” commander and unconventional personage in the tradition of General Charles George Gordon and Colonel T.E. Lawrence (“Lawrence of Arabia”). His “Chindits,” or “Wingate's Raiders,” a brigade of British, Gurkha, and Burmese guerrillas, harassed much stronger Japanese forces in the jungles of northern Burma (now Myanmar) during World War II.

      Educated at Charterhouse and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Wingate was commissioned in the Royal Artillery in 1923, serving in the Sudan and making some exploration of the Libyan desert (1928–33). In 1936–39, while serving as an intelligence officer in Palestine, Wingate organized night patrols to repel Arab raids on Jewish communities along the Mosul-Haifa oil pipeline, successfully testing his “penetration” method of light infantry operations against the enemy's rear. From January to May 1941 he led an Ethiopian-Sudanese force that took Addis Ababa from the Italians. Sent to India, he organized the “Chindits” and helped to train a similar U.S. force, “Merrill's Marauders,” commanded by Frank Dow Merrill. During February–May 1943, the “Chindits” entered Japanese-held Burma from the west, crossed the Chindwin River, and, receiving supplies from the air, conducted effective guerrilla operations against the Japanese until they reached the Irrawaddy River. On crossing that river in an attempt to cut Japanese communications with the Salween River front to the east, they found the terrain unfavourable and were forced to return circuitously to India.

      Given command (as acting major general) of airborne troops invading central Burma in March 1944, Wingate severed the important Mandalay-Myitkyinā railway, but soon afterward he was killed in an airplane crash.

* * *