Taylor, Joseph H., Jr.

Taylor, Joseph H., Jr.

▪ American astronomer
in full  Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.  
born March 24, 1941, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.

      American radio astronomer and physicist who, with Russell A. Hulse (Hulse, Russell Alan), was the corecipient of the 1993 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint discovery of the first binary pulsar.

      Taylor studied at Haverford College, Pa. (B.A., 1963), and earned a Ph.D. in astronomy at Harvard University in 1968. He taught at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, from 1969 to 1981 and then joined the faculty at Princeton University, where he became the James S. McDonnell professor of physics in 1986.

      Taylor and Hulse conducted their prizewinning research on pulsars while Taylor was a professor at Amherst and Hulse was his graduate student. In 1974, using the large radio telescope at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, they discovered a pulsar (a rapidly spinning neutron star) emitting radio pulses at intervals that varied in a regular pattern, decreasing and increasing over an eight-hour period. They concluded from these signals that the pulsar must be alternately moving toward and away from the Earth—i.e., that it must be orbiting around a companion star, which the two men deduced was also a neutron star.

      Their discovery of the first binary pulsar, PSR 1913 + 16, provided an unprecedented test of Albert Einstein's theory of gravitation, which, according to the general theory of relativity, predicts that objects accelerated in a strong gravitational field will emit radiation in the form of gravitational waves. With its enormous interacting gravitational fields, the binary pulsar should emit such waves, and the resulting energy drain should reduce the orbital distance between the two stars. This could in turn be measured by a slight, gradual reduction in the timing of the pulsar's distinctive radio emissions.

      Taylor and Hulse timed PSR 1913 + 16's pulses over the next few years and showed that the two stars are indeed rotating ever faster around each other in an increasingly tight orbit, with an annual decrease of about 75 millionths of a second in their eight-hour orbital period. The rate at which the two stars are spiraling closer together was found to agree with the prediction of the theory of general relativity to an accuracy of better than 0.5 percent. This finding, reported in 1978, provided the first experimental evidence for the existence of gravitational waves and gave powerful support to Einstein's theory of gravity. In the following years, Taylor continued making careful measurements of the orbital period of PSR 1913 + 16, and his research group went on to discover several other binary pulsars.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Taylor, Joseph Hooton,Jr. — Taylor, Joseph Hooton, Jr. Born 1941. American physicist. He shared a 1993 Nobel Prize for the discovery of a new type of pulsar. * * * …   Universalium

  • Taylor, Joseph — ▪ British actor born 1586?, England died Nov. 4, 1652, London       English actor mentioned in the First Folio of Shakespeare in 1623 as one of the 26 who took principal parts in all of those plays and one of the 10 actors who signed the… …   Universalium

  • Taylor , Joseph Hooton — (1941–) American astrophysicist Born in Philadelphia, Taylor was educated at Haverford College, Pennsylvania, and at Harvard, where he gained his PhD in astronomy in 1968. He moved to the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in 1969 and was… …   Scientists

  • Taylor, Joseph H(ooton), Jr. — (n. 24 mar. 1941, Filadelfia, Pa., EE.UU.). Físico estadounidense. Obtuvo su doctorado en la Universidad de Harvard. Mientras enseñaba en la Universidad de Massachussets (1968–81), descubrió junto a Russell Alan Hulse el primer pulsar binario… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Taylor, Joseph H(ooton), Jr. — born March 24, 1941, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. U.S. physicist. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University. While teaching at the University of Massachusetts (1968–81), he and Russell Alan Hulse discovered the first binary pulsar (1974). Their… …   Universalium

  • Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. — Joseph Hooton Taylor Pour les articles homonymes, voir Taylor. Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. (29 mars 1941 ) est un astrophysicien américain, prix Nobel de physique en 1993 partagé avec Russell Alan Hulse pour « sa découverte d un nouveau type… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Joseph Taylor — Joseph Hooton Taylor Pour les articles homonymes, voir Taylor. Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. (29 mars 1941 ) est un astrophysicien américain, prix Nobel de physique en 1993 partagé avec Russell Alan Hulse pour « sa découverte d un nouveau type… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. — Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. mit seiner Frau Marietta Taylor Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (* 29. März 1941 in Philadelphia) ist ein US amerikanischer Astrophysiker. Er lehrt an der Princeton University. Taylor wurde 1993 zusammen mit Russell Hulse der …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Joseph H. Taylor Jr. — Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (* 29. März 1941 in Philadelphia) ist ein US amerikanischer Astrophysiker. Er lehrt an der Princeton University. Taylor wurde 1993 zusammen mit Russell Hulse der Nobelpreis für Physik für die Entdeckung des Pulsars PSR… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Taylor — puede referirse a: Contenido 1 Nombre 2 Apellido 2.1 Autores de nombres científicos 3 Desambiguaciones de nombre y apellido …   Wikipedia Español

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”