Tam, Jacob ben Meir

Tam, Jacob ben Meir

▪ French Judaic scholar
born 1100, Ramerupt, France
died June 9, 1171, Troyes

      French Jew, an outstanding Talmudic authority of his time, who was responsible for a series of far-reaching decisions governing relationships between Christians and Jews in medieval Europe. He was also one of the most eminent of the French tosaphists (commentators on particular passages in the Talmud).

      Tam was the grandson of Rashi, the renowned 11th-century Talmudic commentator. As a symbol of Jewry, he was attacked in 1147 by a band of crusaders, who wounded his head five times as revenge for the five wounds that the Jews allegedly inflicted on Christ. Saved from death by a passing knight, he fled to neighbouring Troyes. There he became a leading participant in the rabbinical synods that began about 1160.

      The synods developed rules to govern the relations between Christians and Jews, who were living on closer terms because of changing historical conditions. Tam was foremost in settling the terms from the Jewish side. The key ordinances of Rabbenu (“Our Teacher”) Tam provided that (1) disputes between Jews were to be resolved by the Jewish authorities; (2) the law of Rabbenu Gershom (c. 960—c. 1028/40) abrogating polygamy was essentially reinforced; and (3) no Jew could lightly challenge the legality of a Jewish deed of divorce.

      Tam's major legal work is Sefer ha-yashar (first published in 1811 in Vienna; “Book of the Righteous”). It contains explanations of 30 tractates of the Talmud, as well as responsa (authoritative answers to questions about Jewish law). He also wrote religious poetry, some of which was later incorporated into the Hebrew prayer book.

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  • TAM, JACOB BEN MEIR — (Rabbenu; c. 1100–1171), tosafist and leading French scholar of the 12th century. Rabbenu Tam was the grandson of rashi and the son of meir b. samuel , Rashi s son in law. His teachers were his father, his brother samuel , and jacob b. samson , a …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Tam, Jacob ben-Meir (Rabbenu) — (c. 1110–71)    French scholar. A grandson of the great RASHI, Tam was a prosperous wine producer and moneylender in Ramerupt, northern France. It is related that he was wounded in an attempt to convert him by force in the religious fervour… …   Who’s Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament

  • Jacob ben Meir Tam — Rabbenu Tam (* um 1100 in Ramerupt; † 9. Juni 1171 in Troyes; eigentlich Jacob ben Meir Tam) war ein führender jüdischer Gelehrter im Frankreich des 12. Jahrhunderts und Verfasser von Tosafot, d. h. Kommentaren zum Talmud. Er ist ein Enkel von… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Meir ben Samuel — Meïr ben Samuel, also known by the Hebrew acronym RaM for Rabbi Meir, was a French rabbi and tosafist, who was born in about 1060 in Ramerupt, and died after 1135. His father was an eminent scholar. Meïr received his education in the Talmudical… …   Wikipedia

  • ISAAC BEN MEIR — (Ribam; mid 12th century), one of the first tosafists. Isaac was the brother of samuel b. meir (the Rashbam) and of jacob tam , all of them grandsons of Rashi. No biographical details are known of him. He died during his father s lifetime and… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • SOLOMON BEN MEIR — (12th century), northern French scholar, grandson of rashi and younger brother of jacob tam and samuel b. meir . Very little is known about him. He was born after Rashi s death and was apparently named after him. He occupied himself mainly with… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Rabbeinu Tam — R. Tam redirects here. For the character in Firefly, see River Tam. Jacob ben Meir Tam, universally known as Rabbeinu Tam (c. 1100 ndash;c. 1171) (Hebrew: רבינו תם) was one of the Baalei Tosafos whose commentary appears in every edition of Talmud …   Wikipedia

  • MEIR BEN SAMUEL OF RAMERUPT — (c. 1060–c. 1135), one of the first tosafists of northern France. Meir s teachers were the scholars of Lorraine, Isaac ha Levi of Worms, eliezer of mainz , and rashi , whose daughter, Jochebed, he married. Of his sons, three, who were also his… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • BEN SṬADA — BEN SṬADA, or Ben Sṭara, a person mentioned in two apparently unrelated passages in the Tosefta, identified in later tradition with Ben Pandira (Jesus). The first passage is found in Tosefta Shabbat (11:15), which reports a dispute concerning… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Rabeinu Tam — Jacob ben Meir Tam, mejor conocido como Rabeinu Tam (1100 1171) (en hebreo: רבינו תם) fue uno de los autores del Tosfot, un comentario talmúdico que aparece en todas las ediciones del Talmud junto al comentario de su abuelo, Shlomo Yitzjaki… …   Wikipedia Español

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