Strawson, Sir Peter

▪ British philosopher

in full  Peter Frederick Strawson 

born November 23, 1919, London, England

died February 13, 2006, Oxford, Oxfordshire

      British philosopher, an exponent and reformer of the linguistic analysis school originally centred on the Cambridge philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (Wittgenstein, Ludwig).

      After graduating from St. John's College, Oxford, in 1940, Strawson served in the military during World War II. From 1948 to 1968 he was a fellow of University College, Oxford, and he later served as a fellow (1968–87) of Magdalen College and Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy (1968–87) at the University of Oxford.

      Strawson integrated the study of metaphysics with linguistic philosophy and extended its scope beyond the limits set by its more empirically oriented adherents. Attempting to describe the actual structure of human thought about the world, he used such general notions as existence, identity, and unity. Among his writings are Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics (1959), Freedom and Resentment (1974), Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar (1974), and Scepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties (1985). He edited Philosophical Logic (1967) and Studies in the Philosophy of Thought and Action (1968). Strawson was knighted in 1977.

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