Sinop

Sinop

Turkey
 seaport on the southern coast of the Black Sea, northern Turkey. It lies on an isthmus linking the Boztepe Peninsula to the mainland and is shut off from the Anatolian Plateau to the south by high, forest-clad mountains. Because it has the only safe natural roadstead on the north coast of Asia Minor, Sinope was in antiquity the foremost port on the coast, with its land approaches barred by a huge citadel (now in ruins) and its sea side defended by a strong wall. Its decline was associated with its lack of easy access to the interior and its rivalry with İnebolu on the west and with Samsun on the east; the latter has emerged as the largest Turkish port on the Black Sea.

      According to legend, Sinope was founded by the Amazons, who named it after their queen, Sinova. The city's ancient inhabitants ascribed its foundation to Autolycus, a companion of Hercules. Destroyed by the wandering Cimmerians, it was refounded toward the end of the 7th century BC by a colony of Milesians. It ultimately became the most flourishing Greek settlement on the Euxine (Black) Sea. As a terminus of the trade routes from Upper Mesopotamia, it commanded much of the maritime trade of the Pontic region and by the 5th century BC had established many colonies on the coast and enjoyed naval supremacy in the Black Sea. In 183 BC it was taken by Pharnaces I and became the capital of the Pontic kings. Under Mithridates VI the Great, who was born there (as was the 4th-century-BC founder of the Cynic sect, Diogenes), it enjoyed a high degree of prosperity and was embellished with fine buildings, naval arsenals, and well-built harbours. The Roman Lucius Licinius Lucullus captured the seaport in 70 BC, and the city was nearly destroyed by fire.

      Taken by the Seljuq Turks from the Comneni of Trebizond (modern Trabzon) in AD 1214, it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1458. In November 1853, shortly after the outbreak of the Crimean War, the Russian navy dramatically attacked Sinop, destroying the Ottoman fleet and reducing large parts of the city to ashes.

      Sinop's extant monuments include a ruined ancient citadel rebuilt during Byzantine and Seljuq periods, some isolated columns and inscribed stones built into the old walls and dating from the early Greek and Roman periods, and the Alâeddin Cami (a mosque), built in 1214. A 13th-century Alâiye religious school now houses the local museum. Sinop is linked by road with Samsun and by sea with Istanbul.

      The hinterland around Sinop is drained by the Gök River and is mountainous and partly forested. Agriculture employs most of the labour force. Corn (maize), flax, and tobacco are grown in the valleys and on the fertile coastal strip. Pop. (2000) city, 30,502.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Sinop — can refer to:*Sinop, Turkey, a city near the Black Sea in Turkey *Sinop Province, the province in Turkey of which the above city is the capital *Sinop, Mato Grosso, a city in Mato Grosso state, Brazilee also* Sinope …   Wikipedia

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  • Sinop — Vorlage:Infobox Ort in der Türkei/Wartung/Landkreis Sinop …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Sinop — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sinop désigne plusieurs villes du Brésil et de Turquie, ainsi que les clubs sportifs et évènements qui y sont rattachés : Sommaire 1 Toponymie 2 Foot …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Sinop FC — Der Sinop Futebol Clube ist ein brasilianischer Fußballverein der im Jahr 1977 gegründet wurde und in der Stadt Sinop im Bundesstaat Mato Grosso beheimatet ist. Die Farben des Vereines sind Blau und Weiss, das brasilienübliche Maskottchen ist ein …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Sinop — Sịnop,   Provinzhauptstadt in der Türkei, am Schwarzen Meer, auf einer Halbinsel, 25 600 Einwohner; Museum; Fischerei, Bootsbau; Naturhäfen, Sandstrände.   Stadtbild:   Die glanzvolle Vergangenheit der Stadt bezeugen v. a. die Reste der… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Sinop — 1 Original name in latin Sinop Name in other language OPS State code BR Continent/City America/Cuiaba longitude 11.86417 latitude 55.5025 altitude 378 Population 116013 Date 2013 01 09 2 Original name in latin Sinop Name in other language NOP,… …   Cities with a population over 1000 database

  • Sinop — 1 Admin ASC 1 Code Orig. name Sinop Country and Admin Code TR.57 TR 2 Admin ASC 2 Code Orig. name Sinop Country and Admin Code BR.14.5107909 BR …   World countries Adminstrative division ASC I-II

  • Sinop (Ville) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Sinop. Sinop …   Wikipédia en Français

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