Portolá, Gaspar de

▪ Spanish military officer

born c. 1723, , Balaguer, Spain

died c. 1784, , Mexico or Spain

      Spanish military officer, first governor of Upper California, and founder of Monterey and San Diego.

      The son of a noble family, Portolá entered the Spanish army in 1734. After 30 years of service in Europe, he rose to the rank of captain. In 1767 the Spanish monarchy sent him to California to serve as governor. Soon after his arrival, Portolá assumed command of an expedition to establish Franciscan missions in Upper California and secure Spanish claims to the area.

      On May 15, 1769, Portolá, accompanied by Father Junípero Serra, began his journey from Velicatá in Lower California. The expedition joined another Spanish party at San Diego in late June; and, after establishing a mission there, Portolá and 40 men proceeded to march northward. The group reached the Bay of Monterey early that autumn; but Portolá, failing to realize that he had reached his destination, continued north as far as San Francisco Bay before returning to San Diego in January 1770 after a grueling march. He was assured that he had indeed reached his objective, so he returned to the Monterey region by ship the following May. There he founded the presidio and mission of Carmel. He left the new settlement on June 9, 1770, to return to Lower California. In 1776 he was chosen governor of the city of Puebla, and he served in that post for eight years.

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