Platonov, Sergey Fyodorovich

▪ Russian historian

born June 28 [June 16, Old Style], 1860, Chernigov, Russia

died Jan. 10, 1933, Samara, Russia, U.S.S.R.

      leading Russian historian of the early 20th century.

      Having graduated from the University of St. Petersburg in 1882, Platonov held various academic posts at that institution and elsewhere. After 1920 he was a member of the U.S.S.R.'s Academy of Sciences. Most of Platonov's scholarly work dealt with the Time of Troubles, the chaotic interregnum (1598–1613) between the demise of the Rurik dynasty and the election of the first Romanov tsar. His major work on this subject was the monumental Studies in the History of the Time of Troubles in the Muscovite State During the 16th and 17th Centuries (1899). Platonov founded a new school of historiography in Russia based on careful and exhaustive archival research and analysis. His History of Russia (1909) and Lectures on Russian History (1899) remained, respectively, the standard high school and university textbooks on the subject for more than 20 years. Platonov's enormous prestige ensured his toleration by the Bolsheviks in the years immediately after the Revolution of 1917, and he continued to teach at Leningrad University (formerly the University of St. Petersburg) as he had since becoming a professor there in 1899. However, the apolitical Platonov came increasingly under attack from Marxist critics in the late 1920s, and in 1930 he was arrested, tried, and convicted on trumped-up charges of participating in a plot to restore the monarchy. He was exiled to Samara (now Kuybyshev), where he died.

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