Piozzi, Hester Lynch

▪ English writer

née  Salusbury , also called (1763–84)  Harriet Lynch Thrale , byname  Mrs. Thrale 

born Jan. 27, 1740, Bodvel, Carnarvonshire, Wales

died May 2, 1821, Clifton, Bristol, Eng.

 English writer and friend of Samuel Johnson (Johnson, Samuel).

      In 1763 she married a wealthy brewer named Henry Thrale. In January 1765 Samuel Johnson was brought to dinner, and the next year, following a severe illness, Johnson spent most of the summer in the country with the Thrales. Gradually, he became part of the family circle, living about half the time in their homes. A succession of distinguished visitors came there to see Johnson and socialize with the Thrales.

      In 1781 Thrale died, and his wife was left a wealthy widow. To everyone's dismay, she fell in love with her daughter's music master, Gabriel Piozzi, an Italian singer and composer, married him in 1784, and set off for Italy on a honeymoon. Dr. Johnson openly disapproved. The resulting estrangement saddened his last months of life.

      When news reached her of Johnson's death, she hastily compiled and sent back to England copy for Anecdotes of the late Samuel Johnson, LL.D., during the last Twenty Years of his Life (1786), which thrust her into open rivalry with James Boswell (Boswell, James). The breach was further widened when, after her return to England in 1787, she brought out a two-volume edition of Letters to and from the late Samuel Johnson, LL.D. (1788). Although less accurate in some details than Boswell's, her accounts show other aspects of Johnson's character, especially the more human and affectionate side of his nature.

      When many old friends remained aloof, Mrs. Piozzi drew around her a new artistic circle, including the actress Sarah Siddons. Her pen remained active, and thousands of her entertaining, gossipy letters have survived. She retained to the end her unflagging vivacity and zest for life.

Additional Reading

The standard authorities remain J.L. Clifford, Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs. Thrale) (1941); and Thraliana (her journal kept sporadically between 1776 and 1809), ed. by K.C. Balderston, 2 vol. (1942). The Thrales of Streatham Park, ed. by Mary Hyde (1977), includes an unpublished journal of Hester's (1766–78) and a biography.

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