Orkan, Władysław

▪ Polish writer

pseudonym of  Franciszek Smreczyński  

born November 27, 1875, Poręba Wielka, Austria-Hungary [now in Poland]

died May 14, 1930, Kraków, Poland

      Polish poet and writer who eloquently portrayed the people of the Tatra Mountains.

      Born into a family of poor highlanders, Orkan received an incomplete education. During World War I he volunteered in the Polish legions. Most of his works are set in the region of his birth and depict the poverty-stricken lives of the highlanders set against a natural landscape of great beauty. In his first volume, Nowele (1898; “Short Stories”), as well as in Komornicy (1900; “Tenant Farmers”), Orkan gives a naturalistic account of highlander-peasant life in his native Tatra region. Later, influenced by the literary and political movement of Young Poland (Young Poland movement), he wrote the novel W roztokach (1903; “In the Mountain Valleys”), which presents a gloomy image of the country's poorest districts and their inhabitants. Drzewiej (1912; “In the Old Days”) lyrically describes the life of the Tatra region's first settlers. Listy ze wsi, 2 vol. (1925–27; “Letters from a Village”), contains sociological reflections on Poland's immediate condition and the country's prospects.

      Although they are somewhat dated, Orkan's novels deal convincingly with difficult aspects of mountain village life, such as poverty, exploitation, and disease.

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