Nägeli, Karl Wilhelm von

Nägeli, Karl Wilhelm von

▪ Swiss botanist
born March 27, 1817, Kilchberg, Switz.
died May 10, 1891, Munich

      Swiss botanist famous for his work on plant cells.

      Nägeli received his earliest training from the German nature-philosopher Lorenz Oken and later studied botany under Augustin Pyrame de Candolle at the University of Geneva. He continued his botanical studies under Matthias Jakob Schleiden at the University of Jena and began his teaching career as a professor at the universities of Zürich, Freiburg, and Munich.

      At the age of 25 he wrote a paper on pollen formation of seed and flowering plants and described cell division with great accuracy. He noted what he called transitory cytoblasts, which later were identified as chromosomes. He also witnessed cell division and investigated the process of osmosis in unicellular algae. In 1844 he discovered the antheridia (reproductive structures in which male sex cells develop) and the spermatozoids of the fern.

      Nägeli introduced into botany the concept of meristem, by which he meant a group of plant cells always capable of division. This led him to the first accurate account of apical cells (the initial point of longitudinal growth), which he erroneously believed to be the main site of meristematic growth in all plants. In 1858 he demonstrated the importance of the sequence of the cell divisions in determining the form of the plant parts. While studying different forms of starch, he formulated the hypothetical micella (unit of structure); this concept became the foundation for understanding the structure of starch grains.

      Nägeli and Hugo von Mohl (Mohl, Hugo von), a German botanist, were the first to distinguish the plant cell wall from the inner contents, which von Mohl named protoplasm in 1846. Nägeli believed that cells received their hereditary characters from a certain part of the protoplasm, which he called idioplasma. He also demonstrated, by chemical analyses, the presence of nitrogenous matter in the protoplasm.

      Nägeli, a stubborn man who held tenaciously to such ideas as spontaneous generation, did not accept environmental factors acting on variations (variation) in species, believing instead that evolution occurred in jumps. He possibly anticipated the discovery of mutation. According to Nägeli, species variation was caused internally by an inherent force that drove evolutionary changes in a particular nonrandom direction, such as increased size. His beliefs led him to reject a paper sent him by the monk Gregor Mendel (Mendel, Gregor) that, when rediscovered 40 years later, served as the source of the Mendelian laws of inheritance.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli — Born 27 March 1817 …   Wikipedia

  • Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli — Nacimiento …   Wikipedia Español

  • Karl Wilhelm Von Nägeli — Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, né le 27 mars 1817 près de Munich et mort le 11 mai 1891 à Munich, est un botaniste suisse …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Karl Wilhelm von Nageli — Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, né le 27 mars 1817 près de Munich et mort le 11 mai 1891 à Munich, est un botaniste suisse …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Karl wilhelm von nägeli — Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, né le 27 mars 1817 près de Munich et mort le 11 mai 1891 à Munich, est un botaniste suisse …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli — Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, né le 27 mars 1817 près de Munich et mort le 11 mai 1891 à Munich, est un botaniste suisse. Biographie Il étudie la …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli — Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Karl Prantl — Karl Anton Eugen Prantl Karl (ou Carl) Anton Eugen Prantl est un botaniste allemand, né le 10 septembre 1849 à Munich et mort en 1893. Il fait ses études à Munich et est diplômé en 1870 avec une thèse intitulée Das Inulin. Ein Beitrag zur… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Karl Anton Eugen Prantl — Nacimiento …   Wikipedia Español

  • Karl Anton Eugen Prantl — Karl (ou Carl) Anton Eugen Prantl est un botaniste allemand, né le 10 septembre 1849 à Munich et mort en 1893. Il fait ses études à Munich et est diplômé en 1870 avec une thèse intitulée Das Inulin. Ein Beitrag zur Pflanzenphysiologie (L’inuline …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”