Moissan, Henri

Moissan, Henri

▪ French chemist
in full  Ferdinand-Frédéric-Henri Moissan 
born Sept. 28, 1852, Paris, France
died Feb. 20, 1907, Paris
 French chemist who received the 1906 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the isolation of the element fluorine and the development of the Moissan electric furnace.

      After attending the Museum of Natural History and the School of Pharmacy in Paris, Moissan became professor of toxicology (1886) and of inorganic chemistry (1889) at the School of Pharmacy and professor of inorganic chemistry (1900) at the Sorbonne. He took up the study of fluorine compounds in 1884. Two years later, by electrolyzing a solution of potassium fluoride in hydrofluoric acid, he prepared the highly reactive gas fluorine. He made a full study of the properties of the element and its reactions with other elements.

      In 1892 Moissan developed the electric arc furnace (arc furnace) and used it to prepare numerous new compounds and to vaporize substances previously regarded as infusible. He devised a commercially profitable method of producing acetylene. Although he claimed to have synthesized diamonds in his furnace (1893), his success is now seriously doubted.

      Moissan's scientific works include Le Four électrique (1897; “The Electric Furnace”), Le Fluor et ses composés (1900; “Fluorine and Its Compounds”), and Traité de chimie minérale, 5 vol. (1904–06; “Treatise on Inorganic Chemistry”).

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • MOISSAN, HENRI — (1852–1907), French inorganic chemist and Nobel Prize winner. Moissan was born in Paris of a non Jewish father and a Jewish mother. He joined the Ecole Supérieure de Pharmacie, where in 1886 he became professor of toxicology and in 1899 professor …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

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  • Moissan, Henri — ► (1852 1907) Químico francés. Fue premio Nobel de Química en 1906, por sus servicios en el aislamiento del flúor y por la introducción del horno eléctrico …   Enciclopedia Universal

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  • Henri Moissan — Naissance 28 septembre 1852 Paris (France) Décès 20 février 1907 (à 54 ans) Paris ( …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Moissan — Henri Moissan Henri Moissan Ferdinand Frédéric Henri Moissan (né à Paris le 28 septembre 1852 et décédé à Paris le 20 février 1907) était un pharmacien français. Il est principalement connu pour avoir isolé le premier le fluor …   Wikipédia en Français

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  • Henri Moissan — Ferdinand Frederic Henri Moissan (* 28. September 1852 in Paris; † 20. Februar 1907 ebenda) war ein französischer Chemiker. Leben Ihm glückte es als erstem, am 26. Juni 1886 reines Fluor herzustellen. 1904 entdeckte Moissan im Meteoriten Krater… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Moissan — Henri Moissan Ferdinand Frederic Henri Moissan (* 28. September 1852 in Paris; † 20. Februar 1907 in Paris) war ein französischer Chemiker. Ihm glückte es als erstem, am 26. Juni 1886 reines Fluor herzustellen. 1893 entdeckte Moissan in einem… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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