Mikkelsen, Ejnar

▪ Danish explorer and author

born Dec. 23, 1880, Vester-Brønderslev, Den.

died May 3, 1971, Copenhagen

      Danish polar explorer and author.

      Mikkelsen went to sea at the age of 14. He was inspired by dreams of polar exploration, and at age 16 he walked the 320 miles (515 km) from Stockholm to Göteborg in an unsuccessful attempt to persuade S.A. Andrée to take him on the latter's Arctic balloon flight. In 1900, however, G.C. Amdrup took him on the Danish expedition to east Greenland. In 1901–02 Mikkelsen was a member of the Baldwin-Ziegler expedition to Franz Josef Land. He served as chief officer of the international hydrographic expedition to the North Atlantic in 1903–04. He then led the Anglo-American polar expedition (1906–08); his sledge journey of several hundred miles over the ice of the Beaufort Sea established that, contrary to previous reports, there was no land north of Alaska. He described this expedition in Conquering the Arctic Ice (1909).

      Mikkelsen's most notable exploit belongs to the expedition that he led to northeast Greenland in 1909–12 to look for the maps and diaries left there by the explorer Ludwig Mylius-Erichsen in 1907. Mikkelsen found these, but, when he and his only companion, I.P. Iversen, returned to their base on the coast, they found their ship crushed by ice and no sign of the remaining members of the expedition, who had in fact returned home on a sealing vessel. The two men survived a further two winters in Greenland, suffering great hardships, and were rescued by a Norwegian sealer after nearly all hope for them had been abandoned. Mikkelsen recounted this adventure in Lost in the Arctic (1913).

      After further years at sea and after practicing as a journalist, Mikkelsen led an expedition in 1924 to establish an Eskimo settlement at Scoresby Sound in east Greenland, and in 1932 he led a scientific expedition to southeast Greenland. He later served as inspector general for east Greenland (1934–50). He took an active role in the resettlement of Eskimos along Greenland's east coast. Among his other books were Frozen Justice (1922) and Two Against the Ice (1957).

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