Metellus Pius, Quintus Caecilius

▪ Roman general and statesman

died c. 63 BC

      Roman general and statesman who supported Lucius Cornelius Sulla (Sulla, Lucius Cornelius). He earned his surname Pius (signifying filial devotion) by his unremitting efforts in 99 BC to obtain the recall from exile of his father, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus (Metellus Numidicus, Quintus Caecilius).

      As praetor (the magistrate below consul) in 89 or 88, he was a commander in the Social War (90–89 BC) and defeated Quintus Poppaedius Silo, the leader of the Marsians. When Sulla left Rome to campaign against Mithradates VI Eupator in the East (87), he was given proconsular command over southern Italy; but he was unable to defend Rome against Lucius Cornelius Cinna (Cinna, Lucius Cornelius), the supporter of Sulla's enemy, Gaius Marius (Marius, Gaius).

      He retired to Africa, where he formed his own army and rejoined Sulla in Italy in 83. He brought Sulla not only troops and money but also the support of Rome's traditional conservatives and his own distinguished family name (an important element in Roman politics). In 82 Metellus overwhelmingly defeated the Marsian forces of Gaius Norbanus at Faventia (present-day Faenza) and conquered most of northern Italy. Sulla rewarded Metellus with the office of pontifex maximus (high priest) in 81 and made him his colleague as consul in 80. In the next year he was sent to Spain to fight the last remaining Marsian army, that of Quintus Sertorius. The towns of Metellinum (present-day Medellín) and Castra Caecilia (present-day Cáceres) preserve Metellus's memory. He was unsuccessful until joined by Pompey (Pompey the Great) in 76, but he then succeeded in winning a number of victories, culminating in the defeat of Sertorius's deputy, Lucius Hirtuleius, at Segovia in 75. In 71 Metellus returned to Rome, celebrated a triumph, and dismissed his army. (His colleague Pompey kept his army.) Both during the Social War and in Spain, Metellus gave Roman citizenship to a number of his friends and clients, of whom the most famous was the Greek poet Aulus Licinius Archias (Archias, Aulus Licinius), who would be praised in a famous speech of Cicero (Cicero, Marcus Tullius)'s (Pro Archia).

E. Badian

 

* * *