Lithgow, William

▪ British explorer

born 1582, Lanark, Lanarkshire, Scot.

died c. 1645, , Lanark

      Scottish traveler and writer.

      Lithgow was the son of a merchant and began his travels in his youth. He visited the Orkney and Shetland islands, Germany, Bohemia, and the Low Countries, arriving in Paris in 1609. The following year he went to Rome and began the first of his major journeys, having traveled by 1613 to Greece, the Middle East, Egypt, Malta, western Europe, and England. Between 1614 and 1618 he visited North Africa and central Europe and in 1619 went to Ireland and Spain (where he was tortured by the Inquisition). He traveled throughout Scotland in 1627–29.

      Lithgow's major literary work is The Totall Discourse of the Rare Adventures and Painefull Peregrinations of Long Nineteene Years Travayles (1632; reprinted 1906), which, though written in a florid style, contains much cultural and economic detail. He also produced six poems about his travels and pamphlets on the siege by Frederick Henry of Orange of the Netherlands city of Breda (published 1637), on a survey of London (1643), and on the siege of Newcastle (1645) during the English Civil Wars.

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