Lampedusa Island

▪ island, Italy

Italian  Isola di Lampedusa,  Latin  Lopadussa 

      largest island (area 8 square miles [21 square km]) of the Isole (islands) Pelagie (Pelagie Islands) (which include Linosa and Lampione islets), in the Mediterranean Sea between Malta and Tunis, 105 miles (170 km) southwest of Licata, Sicily. Administratively the group is part of Agrigento province, Sicily, Italy. Lampedusa's greatest length is about 7 miles (11 km), its greatest width about 2 miles; it rises to 436 feet (133 metres) above sea level. The Lopadusa of the Greek geographer Strabo and the Lipadosa of the poet Ludovico Ariosto's "Orlando furioso," the island has remains of prehistoric hut foundations, Punic tombs, and Roman buildings. In 1436 it was given by Alfonso of Aragon to Don Giovanni de Caro, baron of Montechiaro. A thousand slaves were taken from its population in 1553 by the Turks. In 1661 its then owner, Ferdinand Tommasi, received the title of prince from Charles II of Spain. In 1737 the English earl of Sandwich visited the island and found only one inhabitant. Some French settlers established themselves there in 1760, and in 1843 Ferdinand II of Naples founded a colony. After the Allied victory in North Africa in World War II, British and U.S. planes bombed Lampedusa. It surrendered on June 12, 1943, and Linosa and Lampione submitted on June 13.

      Lampedusa's soil is calcareous; it was covered with scrub until comparatively recent times, but this has been cut, and the rock is now bare. The poor soil and lack of irrigation have limited the cultivation of figs and olives. The valleys, however, are fertile, and grapes and wheat are grown. Fishing is the economic mainstay of the island, and sardines and anchovies are packed for export. Coral and sponges are also collected. The village of Lampedusa, on the southern part of the island, is the centre of the commune of the same name, which includes Linosa and Lampione. The village has a harbour dredged to a depth of 13 feet (4 metres). Linosa, about 30 miles (48 km) north-northeast, has an area of 2 square miles (5 square km) and is entirely volcanic. It has landing places on the south and west and is more fertile than Lampedusa, but suffers water shortages from lack of springs.

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