Kingsolver, Barbara

▪ American author and activist

born April 8, 1955, Annapolis, Md., U.S.

      American writer and political activist whose best-known novels concern the endurance of people living in often inhospitable environments and the beauty to be found even in such harsh circumstances.

      Kingsolver grew up in eastern Kentucky, the daughter of a physician who treated the rural poor. After graduating from DePauw University in Greencastle, Ind., she traveled and worked in Europe and then returned to the United States.

      Kingsolver's novel The Bean Trees (1988) concerns a woman who makes a meaningful life for herself and a young Cherokee girl with whom she moves from rural Kentucky to the Southwest. In Animal Dreams (1990) a disconnected woman finds purpose and moral challenges when she returns to live in her small Arizona hometown. Pigs in Heaven (1993), a sequel to her first novel, deals with the protagonist's attempts to defend her adoption of her Native American daughter. Her short-story collection, Homeland and Other Stories, was released in 1989. Another America (Otra America) (1991), a poetry collection in English, with a Spanish translation, primarily concerns the struggles of impoverished women against sexual and political abuse, war, and death.

      With The Poisonwood Bible (1999), Kingsolver expanded her psychic and geographic territory, setting her story about the redemption of a missionary family in the Belgian Congo during the colony's struggle for independence. In Prodigal Summer (2001) the intertwined lives of several characters living in Appalachia illuminate the relationship between humans and the natural world.

      Kingsolver also wrote the nonfictional Holding the Line: Women in the Great Arizona Mine Strike of 1983 (1989), which records the endeavours of a group of women fighting the repressive policies of a mining corporation. Essay collections such as High Tide in Tucson: Essays from Now or Never (1995) and Small Wonder (2002) contain observations on nature, family life, and world events. In Animal, Vegetable, Miracle (2007), Kingsolver expounded upon the environmental consequences of human consumption and used anecdotes from her own experiences eating only locally grown food to propose an alternate means of subsistence.

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