Kennedy, Robert F.

▪ American politician

in full  Robert Francis Kennedy  

born Nov. 20, 1925, Brookline, Mass., U.S.

died June 6, 1968, Los Angeles, Calif.

 U.S. attorney general and adviser during the administration of his brother Pres. John F. Kennedy (Kennedy, John F.) (1961–63). Later U.S. senator (1965–68), he was assassinated while campaigning for the presidential nomination.

      Robert interrupted his studies at Harvard University to serve in the U.S. Navy during World War II but returned to the university and was graduated in 1948. After receiving his law degree from the University of Virginia Law School in 1951, he began his political career in Massachusetts the next year with the management of his brother John's successful campaign for the U.S. Senate. Robert Kennedy first came into national prominence in 1953, when he was an assistant counsel to the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, headed by Joseph R. McCarthy (he resigned in mid-1953, returning in 1954 as counsel to the Democratic minority). In 1957 he was chief counsel to the Senate select committee conducting investigations into labour racketeering, which led to his long-standing feud with James R. Hoffa (Hoffa, James R.) of the Teamsters Union. Kennedy resigned from the committee staff in 1960 to conduct his brother's campaign for the U.S. presidency and was subsequently appointed (1961) attorney general in the Cabinet of Pres. John F. Kennedy.

      On Nov. 22, 1963, the President was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Robert Kennedy continued to serve as attorney general until he resigned in September 1964. The months after his brother's death were a desperate time for him. He was stooped by grief and spent long periods staring out windows or walking in the Virginia woods. He had presided over the Department of Justice for 44 months. He had emerged as a statesman of the law, improving the lot of many. Learning on May 20, 1961, that a hostile mob threatened the civil rights (civil rights movement) leader Martin Luther King, Jr., and about 1,200 of his supporters in Montgomery, Ala., Attorney General Kennedy sent 400 federal marshals to protect them. In subsequent racial crises he used long telephone sessions to work out the strategies of peace officers in the South. He also led a tough and imaginative drive against organized crime. One of his proudest achievements was assembling the evidence that convicted Hoffa. On Robert Kennedy's departure from the Department of Justice The New York Times, which had criticized his appointment three years earlier, said editorially, “He named excellent men to most key posts, put new vigor into protecting civil rights through administrative action, played a pivotal role in shaping the most comprehensive civil rights law in this country. . . . Mr. Kennedy has done much to elevate the standard.” He was the author of The Enemy Within (1960), Just Friends and Brave Enemies (1962), and Pursuit of Justice (1964).

  In November 1964 he was elected U.S. senator from New York. Within two years Kennedy had established himself as a major political figure in his own right. He became the chief spokesman for liberal Democrats and a critic of Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson's Vietnam policy. On March 16, 1968, he announced his candidacy for the presidency. By June 4 he had won five out of six presidential primaries, including one that day in California. Shortly after midnight on June 5 he spoke to his followers in Los Angeles' Ambassador Hotel. As he left through a kitchen hallway he was fatally wounded by a Palestinian immigrant, Sirhan Bishara Sirhan. Robert Kennedy was buried near his brother at Arlington National Cemetery.

William Manchester Ed.

Additional Reading

Edwin Guthman, We Band of Brothers (1971), an account of Robert Kennedy's entire career, by a friend who witnessed it from the beginning; William J. Vanden Heuvel and Milton S. Gwirtzman, On His Own: Robert F. Kennedy, 1964–1968 (1970), Robert F. Kennedy from November 1963 to June 1968, by two of his associates; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times (1978), a biography by a friend and admirer; Victor S. Navasky, Kennedy Justice (1971, reissued 1977), an evaluation of his policies and actions as attorney general.

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