Hunt, Leigh

▪ British author

in full  James Henry Leigh Hunt 

born Oct. 19, 1784, Southgate, Middlesex, Eng.

died Aug. 28, 1859, Putney, London

      English essayist, critic, journalist, and poet, who was an editor of influential journals in an age when the periodical was at the height of its power. He was also a friend and supporter of the poets Percy Bysshe Shelley (Shelley, Percy Bysshe) and John Keats (Keats, John). Hunt's poems, of which “Abou Ben Adhem” and his rondeau “Jenny Kissed Me” (both first published in 1838) are probably the best known, reflect his knowledge of French and Italian versification. His defense of Keats's work in the Examiner (June 1817) as “poetry for its own sake” was an important anticipation of the views of the Aesthetic movement.

      Hunt, at his best, in some essays and his Autobiography (1850; in part a rewriting of Lord Byron and Some of His Contemporaries, 1828), has a distinctive charm. He excels in perceptive judgments of his contemporaries, from Keats to Alfred, Lord Tennyson. As a Radical journalist, though not much interested in the details of politics, he attacked oppression with indignation.

      The poems in Juvenilia (1801), his first volume, show his love for Italian literature. He looked to Italy for a “freer spirit of versification” and translated a great deal of Italian poetry, and in The Story of Rimini (1816), published in the year of his meeting with Keats, he reintroduced a freedom of movement in English couplet verse lost in the 18th century. From him Keats derived his delight in colour and imaginative sensual experience and a first acquaintance with Italian poetry. Much of Hunt's best verse was published in Foliage (1818) and Hero and Leander, and Bacchus and Ariadne (1819).

      In 1808 Leigh Hunt and his brother John had launched the weekly Examiner, which advocated abolition of the slave trade, Catholic emancipation, and reform of Parliament and the criminal law. For their attacks on the unpopular prince regent, the brothers were imprisoned in 1813. Leigh Hunt, who continued to write The Examiner in prison, was regarded as a martyr in the cause of liberty. After his release (1815) he moved to Hampstead, home of Keats, whom he introduced in 1817 to Shelley, a friend since 1811. The Examiner supported the new Romantic poets against attacks by Blackwood's Magazine on what it called “the Cockney school of poetry,” supposedly led by Hunt.

      In Hunt's writings for the quarterly Reflector (1810–11), politics was combined with criticism of the theatre and of the fine arts, of which he had considerable knowledge. Imagination and Fancy (1844), his most sustained critical work, draws interesting parallels between painting and poetry. It was in the weekly Indicator (1819–21) and The Companion (1828), however, that Hunt published some of his best essays. He continued to write for periodicals until his death.

Additional Reading

Jeffrey N. Cox, Poetry and Politics in the Cockney School (1998); Edmund Blunden, Leigh Hunt (1930, reprinted 1970); Kenneth E. Kendall, Leigh Hunt's Reflector (1971); Ann Blainey, Immortal Boy (1985); Rodney Stenning Edgecombe, Leigh Hunt and the Poetry of Fancy (1994).

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