Fraunhofer, Joseph von

Fraunhofer, Joseph von

▪ German physicist
born March 6, 1787, Straubing, Bavaria [Germany]
died June 7, 1826, Munich
 German physicist who first studied the dark lines of the Sun's spectrum, now known as Fraunhofer lines. He also was the first to use extensively the diffraction grating, a device that dispenses light in much the same way a prism does. His work set the stage for the development of spectroscopy.

      Fraunhofer worked as an optician at the Untzschneider Optical Institute at Benedictbeuern, near Munich, of which he became manager in 1818. While measuring the light-bending properties of various kinds of glass, he noticed dark lines in the light spectrum of a sodium flame, and he continued looking for such lines in the spectra of other elements. Fraunhofer plotted hundreds of spectral lines, and by measuring their wavelengths he found that the relative positions of the lines in the spectra of elements are constant, whether the spectra are produced by the direct rays of the Sun or by the reflected light of the Moon and planets, by a gas, or by a heated metal in the laboratory.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Joseph von Fraunhofer — Joseph von Fraunhofer. Joseph von Fraunhofer (Straubing, 6 de marzo de 1787 Múnich, 7 de junio de 1826) fue un astrónomo, óptico y físico alemán. El cráter Fraunhofer de la Luna fue llamado así en su honor. Como científico, ingeniero y… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Joseph von Fraunhofer —     Joseph von Fraunhofer     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Joseph von Fraunhofer     Optician, b. at Straubing, Bavaria, 6 March, 1787; d. at Munich, 7 June, 1826. He was the tenth and last son of a poor glass grinder who was unable to give his boy… …   Catholic encyclopedia

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