electric polarization

electric polarization

      slight relative shift of positive and negative electric charge in opposite directions within an insulator, or dielectric, induced by an external electric field. Polarization occurs when an electric field distorts the negative cloud of electrons around positive atomic nuclei in a direction opposite the field. This slight separation of charge makes one side of the atom somewhat positive and the opposite side somewhat negative. In some materials whose molecules are permanently polarized by chemical forces, such as water molecules, some of the polarization is caused by molecules rotating into the same alignment under the influence of the electric field. One of the measures of polarization is electric dipole moment, which equals the distance between the slightly shifted centres of positive and negative charge multiplied by the amount of one of the charges. Polarization P in its quantitative meaning is the amount of dipole moment p per unit volume V of a polarized material, P = p/V.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • electric polarization — elektrinis poliarizuotumas statusas T sritis Standartizacija ir metrologija apibrėžtis Dielektriko vienetinio tūrio elektrinis dipolinis momentas, apibūdinantis dielektriko poliarizacijos laipsnį. Jo vektorius išreiškiamas taip: P = D – ε₀ E; čia …   Penkiakalbis aiškinamasis metrologijos terminų žodynas

  • electric polarization — elektrinis poliarizuotumas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. electric polarization vok. elektrische Polarisation, f rus. электрическая поляризованность, f pranc. polarisation électrique, f …   Fizikos terminų žodynas

  • electric polarization vector — elektrinės poliarizacijos vektorius statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. dielectric polarization vector; electric polarization vector vok. elektrischer Polarisationsvektor, m; Vektor der elektrischen Polarisation, m rus. вектор… …   Fizikos terminų žodynas

  • Polarization density — In classical electromagnetism, the polarization density (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. The polarization… …   Wikipedia

  • electric displacement — Elect. the part of the electric field that is determined solely by free charges, without reference to the dielectric properties of the surrounding medium: measured in coulombs per square meter. Symbol: D Also called displacement. [1880 85] * * *… …   Universalium

  • Polarization — ( Brit. polarisation) is a property of waves that describes the orientation of their oscillations. For transverse waves, it describes the orientation of the oscillations in the plane perpendicular to the wave s direction of travel. Longitudinal… …   Wikipedia

  • Electric charge — SI symbol: Q SI quantity dimension: Q SI unit: coulomb other units: e Derivations from other quantities: Q = I · …   Wikipedia

  • Polarization mode dispersion — (PMD) is a form of modal dispersion where two different polarizations of light in a waveguide, which normally travel at the same speed, travel at different speeds due to random imperfections and asymmetries, causing random spreading of optical… …   Wikipedia

  • Polarization (disambiguation) — Polarization or polarisation of transverse waves describes the orientation of oscillations in the plane perpendicular to the wave s direction of travel.Polarization or polarisation can also refer to:In the physical sciences: *Polarization density …   Wikipedia

  • Electric displacement field — In physics, the electric displacement field, denoted as , is a vector field that appears in Maxwell s equations. It accounts for the effects of free charges within materials. D stands for displacement, as in the related concept of displacement… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”