Dixon, Henry Horatio

▪ Irish botanist

born May 19, 1869, Dublin

died Dec. 20, 1953, Dublin

      Irish botanist who investigated plant transpiration and, with John Joly, developed the tension theory of sap ascent.

      Dixon studied at Trinity College, Dublin, and the University of Bonn; he became professor of botany at Trinity (1904) and director of the botanical gardens (1906). His early research included work on the cytology of chromosomes and first mitosis in certain plants. Familiarity with work on transpiration and on the tensile strength of columns of sulfuric acid and water led Dixon and Joly to experiment on transpiration. “On the Ascent of Sap” (1894) presented the hypothesis that the sap or water in the vessels of a woody plant ascends by virtue of its power of resisting tensile stress and its capacity to remain cohesive under the stress of great differences of pressure. Dixon and Joly further demonstrated that water is transported through passive vessels and not living cells.

      Dixon wrote Transpiration and the Ascent of Sap in Plants (1914), which brought various theories and experimental work together in a coherent argument. He also wrote a textbook, Practical Plant Biology (1922).

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