Clarke, James Freeman

▪ American minister and author

born April 4, 1810, Hanover, N.H., U.S.

died June 8, 1888, Jamaica Plain, Mass.

      Unitarian minister, theologian, and author, whose influence helped elect Grover Cleveland (Cleveland, Grover) president of the United States in 1884.

      After graduating from Harvard College in 1829 and Harvard Divinity School in 1833 and serving his first pastorate in Louisville, Ky., from 1833 to 1840, Clarke established in 1841 the Church of the Disciples in Boston, where he was minister from 1841 to 1850 and from 1854 until his death. He was also professor of religion at Harvard (1867–71). He worked closely with many of the significant persons of his day, and he printed original works by his friends Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and Nathaniel Hawthorne in the Western Messenger, a short-lived magazine he edited while at Louisville. A versatile reformer, Clarke opposed slavery and advocated changes in the civil service. The latter reforms were part of Grover Cleveland's platform as a candidate for president in 1884, and Clarke lent his influential support to Cleveland's campaign.

      In addition to editing such magazines as the Christian World (1843–48) and the Monthly Journal of the American Unitarian Association (1859–61), Clarke published more than 1,000 articles and sermons and 32 books, including Ten Great Religions, 2 vol. (1871, 1883). His Autobiography, Diary, and Correspondence, edited by Edward Everett Hale, appeared in 1891.

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