Clapton, Eric

▪ British musician

Introduction

original name  Eric Patrick Clapp 

born March 30, 1945, Ripley, Surrey, England

      British rock musician who was a highly influential guitarist in the late 1960s and early 1970s and later became a major singer-songwriter (singer-songwriters).

      Clapton was raised by his grandparents after his mother abandoned him at an early age. He began playing the guitar in his teens and briefly studied at the Kingston College of Art. After playing lead guitar with two minor bands, in 1963 he joined the Yardbirds (Yardbirds, the), a rhythm-and-blues group in which his blues-influenced playing and commanding technique began to attract attention. Clapton left the Yardbirds in 1965 when they pursued commercial success with a pop-oriented style. That same year he joined John Mayall (Mayall, John)'s Bluesbreakers, and his guitar playing soon became the group's principal drawing card as it attracted a fanatic following on the London club scene.

      In 1966 Clapton left the Bluesbreakers to form a new band with two other virtuoso rock musicians, bassist Jack Bruce and drummer Ginger Baker. This group, Cream, achieved international popularity with its sophisticated, high-volume fusion of rock and blues that featured improvisatory solos. Clapton's mastery of blues form and phrasing, his rapid runs, and his plaintive vibrato were widely imitated by other rock guitarists. The high energy and emotional intensity of his playing on such songs as "Crossroads" and "White Room" set the standard for the rock guitar solo. Cream disbanded in late 1968, however, after having recorded such albums as Disraeli Gears (1967), Wheels of Fire (1968), and Goodbye (1969).

      In 1969 Clapton and Baker formed the group Blind Faith with keyboardist-vocalist Steve Winwood and bassist Rick Grech, but the group broke up after recording only one album. Clapton emerged as a capable vocalist on his first solo album, which was released in 1970. He soon assembled a trio of strong session musicians (bassist Carl Radle, drummer Jim Gordon, and keyboardist Bobby Whitlock) into a new band called Derek and the Dominos, with Clapton as lead guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. The guitarist Duane Allman (Allman Brothers Band, the) joined the group in making the classic double album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs (1970), which is regarded as Clapton's masterpiece and a landmark among rock recordings. Disappointed by Layla's lacklustre sales and addicted to heroin, Clapton went into seclusion for two years. Overcoming his addiction, he made a successful comeback with the album 461 Ocean Boulevard (1974), which included his hit remake of Bob Marley's "I Shot the Sheriff." On the album Clapton adopted a more relaxed approach that emphasized his songwriting and vocal abilities rather than his guitar playing. Over the next 20 years Clapton produced a string of albums, including Slowhand (1977), Backless (1978), Money and Cigarettes (1983), August (1986), Unplugged (1992)—which featured the Top Five hit "Tears in Heaven," written after the death of his son—and From the Cradle (1994). He explored his musical influences with a pair of Grammy (Grammy Award)-winning collaborations: Riding with the King (2000) with blues legend B.B. King (King, B.B.) and The Road to Escondido (2006) with roots guitarist J.J. Cale. The critical and commercial success of these albums solidified his stature as one of the world's greatest rock musicians. Clapton, an autobiography, was published in 2007. In 2000 Clapton was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Representative Works

The Yardbirds

● Five Live Yardbirds (1964)

Cream

● Disraeli Gears (1967)

Derek and the Dominos

● Layla, and Other Assorted Love Songs (1970)

Eric Clapton

● 461 Ocean Boulevard (1974)

● Slowhand (1977)

Additional Reading

Biographies include Harry Shapiro, Eric Clapton: Lost in the Blues (1992); and Michael Schumacher, Crossroads: The Life and Music of Eric Clapton (1995). Marc Roberty, Eric Clapton: The Complete Recording Sessions, 1963–1992 (1993), includes commentary by Clapton and other musicians, a list of unreleased material, a discography, and a videography.

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