Chirikov, Aleksey Ilich

▪ Russian explorer

born , 1703

died November 1748, Moscow, Russia

      explorer, second in command on the Arctic expeditions of Vitus Bering (Bering, Vitus), whose discovery of southern Alaska supported Russian claims to northwestern America as far south as 55°.

      Chirikov joined Bering's first exploratory mission in the far northern Pacific in midsummer of 1727. Chirikov again was second in command on the second Bering expedition (1733–43), whose goal was to map Siberia's Arctic coast and explore routes to America. It was 1741 before the organization and dispatch of coastal parties were complete and the American quest could sail from Okhotsk. Chirikov commanded the St. Paul and Bering the St. Peter, supported by smaller vessels with supplies and scientist-observers. A storm separated Bering and Chirikov on June 20, and Chirikov lingered in the area several days before heading east alone. Bering, meanwhile, moved on to the north and west, and to his death.

      On July 11 Chirikov's crew sighted signs of land and four days later confirmed landfall on what now is western Prince of Wales Island in the extreme south of Alaska—just off the coast of present British Columbia. The St. Paul anchored off what now is Cape Addington and the next day sent a landing party to reconnoitre. After waiting a week with no word, Chirikov finally sent another party in his only remaining small boat. When this second party also failed to return, Chirikov reluctantly weighed anchor and headed west, short of water, his crew of 76 reduced by nearly half, plagued by fog and scurvy and the imminent end of the short Arctic summer. They reached Kamchatka's Avacha Bay on October 8, having discovered many islands en route.

      The following spring Chirikov commanded an expedition in search of Bering, passing not far from the present Bering Island in the Komandor Islands, where, unknown to the searchers, the St. Peter lay wrecked and Bering dead. Weather forced a return to port, and, before Chirikov could set out again, survivors from the wrecked St. Peter had straggled back to the mainland in supply vessels and the effort was canceled.

      This was Chirikov's last expedition. He later returned to St. Petersburg, where he took part in the mapping of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

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