Charpentier, Johann von

▪ Swiss scientist

born Dec. 8, 1786, Freiberg, Saxony [Germany]

died Dec. 12, 1855, Bex, Switz.

      pioneer glaciologist, one of the first to propose the idea of the extensive movement of glaciers as geologic agencies.

      Charpentier was a mining engineer and an amateur naturalist and was the director of salt mines for the Canton of Vaud. He assessed the available information concerning Swiss glaciers and studied the locations of large, immovable boulders in the Rhône River valley. Rejecting the prevailing hypotheses that these boulders had been transported by such phenomena as floods and icebergs, Charpentier concluded in 1834 that only immense glaciers in the past could have moved them to their present locations. (This idea had also been suggested earlier in the century.) His interpretation attracted the attention of the Swiss naturalist Louis Agassiz, who in 1840 published Studies on Glaciers, a few months before Charpentier published his own Essai sur les glaciers (1841; “Essay on Glaciers”).

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