Blumberg, Baruch S.

Blumberg, Baruch S.

▪ American physician
in full  Baruch Samuel Blumberg  
born July 28, 1925, New York, N.Y., U.S.
 
 American research physician whose discovery of an antigen that provokes antibody response against hepatitis B led to the development by other researchers of a successful vaccine against the disease. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 with D. Carleton Gajdusek for their work on the origins and spread of infectious viral diseases.

      Blumberg received his M.D. degree from Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons and his Ph.D. degree in biochemistry from Oxford University in 1957. In 1960 he became chief of the Geographic Medicine and Genetics Section of the U.S. National Institutes for Health, in Maryland. In 1964 he was appointed associate director for clinical research at the Institute for Cancer Research (later named the Fox Chase Cancer Center) in Philadelphia, and in 1977 he became professor of medicine, human genetics, and anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1989 he returned to Oxford to become master of Balliol College, a position that he held until 1994. Upon his return to the United States, he resumed his post at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, gaining the title Distinguished Scientist, and continued to teach as professor of medicine and anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania. In May 1999 Blumberg was appointed director of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Institute. He held several different positions while at NASA, where he remained until 2004. The following year he was elected president of the American Philosophical Society.

      In the early 1960s Blumberg was examining blood samples from widely diverse populations in an attempt to determine why the members of different ethnic and national groups vary widely in their responses and susceptibility to disease. In 1963 he discovered in the blood serum of an Australian aborigine an antigen that he later (1967) determined to be part of a virus that causes hepatitis B, the most severe form of hepatitis. The discovery of this so-called Australian antigen, which causes the body to produce antibody responses to the virus, made it possible to screen blood donors for possible hepatitis B transmission. Further research indicated that the body's development of antibody against the Australian antigen was protective against further infection with the virus itself. In 1982 a safe and effective vaccine utilizing Australian antigen was made commercially available in the United States.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • BLUMBERG, BARUCH SAMUEL — (1925– ), U.S. physician and Nobel laureate. Blumberg was born in New York City and received his elementary schooling at the Flatbush Yeshiva. After high school he joined the U.S. Navy in 1943 and finished college (B.Sc. in physics from Union… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Blumberg , Baruch Samuel — (1925–) American physician Blumberg was born in New York City and studied physics and mathematics at Union College, Schenectady, and at Columbia, where, after a year, he changed to medical studies. He received his MD from Columbia in 1951 and his …   Scientists

  • Blumberg, Baruch S(amuel) — born July 28, 1925, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. research physician. He received his M.D. from Columbia University. His discovery of an antigen that he later proved to be part of the hepatitis B virus, and which causes the body to produce antibodies …   Universalium

  • Blumberg, Baruch S(amuel) — (n. 28 jul. 1925, Nueva York, N.Y., EE.UU.). Médico investigador estadounidense. Obstuvo su M.D. en la Universidad de Columbia. Su descubrimiento de un antígeno que resultó ser parte del virus de la hepatitis B, que induce al cuerpo a producir… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Blumberg, Baruch S(amuel) —  (1926–) American scientist, joint winner of 1976 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine …   Bryson’s dictionary for writers and editors

  • Baruch Blumberg — Baruch Samuel Blumberg Baruch Samuel Blumberg, né le 28 juillet 1925, est un scientifique américain récompensé par le Prix Nobel de médecine en 1976 pour la découverte concernant de nouveaux mécanismes expliquant l origine et la dissémination des …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Baruch S. Blumberg — Baruch Samuel Blumberg Baruch Samuel Blumberg, né le 28 juillet 1925, est un scientifique américain récompensé par le Prix Nobel de médecine en 1976 pour la découverte concernant de nouveaux mécanismes expliquant l origine et la dissémination des …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Baruch Blumberg — Baruch Samuel Blumberg (* 28. Juli 1925 in New York, USA) ist ein US amerikanischer Mediziner. Blumberg entdeckte 1965 zufällig ein Protein des Erregers der Hepatitis B, als er als Anthropologe bei der Suche nach Polymorphismen im Blut… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Baruch S. Blumberg — Baruch Samuel Blumberg (* 28. Juli 1925 in New York, USA) ist ein US amerikanischer Mediziner. Blumberg entdeckte 1965 zufällig ein Protein des Erregers der Hepatitis B, als er als Anthropologe bei der Suche nach Polymorphismen im Blut… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Blumberg (disambiguation) — Blumberg is a surname that refers to:* Axel Blumberg (b. 1981), an Argentine engineering student who was kidnapped and killed in March 2004. ** Juan Carlos Blumberg, an Argentine textile entrepreneur and father of the late Axel Blumberg * Baruch… …   Wikipedia

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