Blaskowitz, Johannes

▪ German field marshal

born July 10, 1883, Peterswalde, Ger.

died Feb. 5, 1948, Nürnberg

      German field marshal, a tank specialist who commanded German military forces on several fronts during World War II and who deplored and protested Nazi atrocities.

      A professional soldier who served in World War I, Blaskowitz rose rapidly during the Third Reich, acting as a field commander in the invasion of Austria and the Czech Sudetenland and becoming commander in chief of the 8th Army in the Polish campaign. On Oct. 22, 1939, he was made military governor of the German occupying forces in Poland. There he directed two memoranda to higher authorities documenting cases of rape, murder, and looting of Jewish and Polish shops by the SS and other nonmilitary Nazi police and complaining that they operated outside the law and that he had no control over them. Adolf Hitler (Hitler, Adolf), infuriated at such statements, dismissed him from several army commands.

      Blaskowitz was eventually returned to command and served on several fronts. In 1944 he was an army group commander under General Gerd von Rundstedt and helped prepare a defense against the expected Allied invasion of northern France. In early 1945 he commanded German troops in The Netherlands, where he surrendered to the Allies. A defendant in one of the war crimes trials, he apparently committed suicide, leaping to his death in the Nürnberg prison. (There were claims that he was pushed to his death by agents of the SS.)

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